Ips e max cad

Manufactured by Ivoclar Vivadent

Sourced in Liechtenstein, United States, Germany, Japan

IPS e.max CAD is a high-strength, aesthetic all-ceramic material for the fabrication of dental restorations using CAD/CAM technology. It is designed for the production of a wide range of single-tooth restorations, including crowns, veneers, inlays, and onlays.

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Lab products found in correlation

Ips empress cad, by Ivoclar Vivadent (8 mentions) Vita enamic, by Vita Zahnfabrik (5 mentions) Ips e max press, by Ivoclar Vivadent (5 mentions) Epofix, by Struers (3 mentions) Programat p300, by Ivoclar Vivadent (3 mentions) Isomet, by Buehler (3 mentions) Lava ultimate, by 3M (3 mentions) Vitablocs mark 2, by Vita Zahnfabrik (3 mentions) Programat p310, by Ivoclar Vivadent (3 mentions) Grandio, by Voco dental (2 mentions) Suprinity, by Vita Zahnfabrik (2 mentions) Lava plus, by 3M (2 mentions) Tz 3y e, by Tosoh (2 mentions) Vita suprinity, by Vita Zahnfabrik (2 mentions) Isomet 1000, by Buehler (2 mentions) Programat cs2, by Ivoclar Vivadent (2 mentions) Nicolet is50 ft ir, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) X pert pro x ray diffractometer, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions) Solidworks cad, by Dassault Systèmes (1 mentions) Jsm 5600lv, by JEOL (1 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

IPS e.max (5 citations) E-Max CAD (4 citations) IPS e.max CAD HT block (2 citations)

59 protocols using ips e max cad

Preparation and Characterization of CAD/CAM Ceramic Blocks

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After mounting of Vitablocs Mark II CAD and IPS e.max CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) blocks, ceramic blocks measuring 5 mm in length, 5 mm in width, and 3 mm in height were sectioned using a diamond-coated cutting disc (Mecatome T201A, Presi, Grenoble, France) under copious water irrigation. The accuracy of the samples was checked by an electron caliper for 0.1 mm (Mitutoyo Co, Kanagawa, Japan).
Crystallization of IPS e.max CAD samples was done by sintering at 850°C for 30 min, in an electric furnace (Programator P300, Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein).
One surface of the samples was polished using 400-, 600-, 800-, 1000-, 1200-, and 1500-grit abrasive papers, in a polishing machine (Malek Teb, Iran) under copious water irrigation.
A total of 40 cubic blocks were made of each ceramic type.
Next, the Vitablocs Mark II and e-max ceramic blocks were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8).

Farhadi E., Kermanshah H., Rafizadeh S., Saeedi R, & Ranjbar Omrani L. (2021). In Vitro Effect of Acidic Solutions and Sodium Fluoride on Surface Roughness of Two Types of CAD-CAM Dental Ceramics. International Journal of Dentistry, 2021, 9977993.

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Fabrication and Characterization of CAD/CAM Ceramics

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A total of 81 glazed samples were prepared, with 27 of each of the 3 CAD/CAM ceramic restorative materials: IPS e.max CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein), Vita Suprinity (Vita Zahnfabrik, H. Rauter Bad Säckingen, Germany), and Vitablocs Mark II (Vita Zahnfabrik, H. Rauter Bad Säckingen, Germany). All samples were manufactured using a CAD/CAM machine (Amann Girrbach, Germany). Blocks of material were installed on a milling machine (CAM) to produce 27 blocks from each material with a uniform and standardized dimensional size (16×12 mm) and thickness (2.1 mm) for each restorative material, following the manufacturer’s instructions. The samples were finished and smoothed with 300 to 800 grit silicon carbide paper (Dentsply Prosthetics Brasseler USA). After cleaning with distilled water in an ultrasonic machine, the samples were washed with isopropanol to remove any grease residue and were then dried with compressed air. The Vita Suprinity and Vitablocs Mark II samples were sintered for 2 h at 1550°C in a furnace (Programat P310; Ivoclar Vivadent AG), while the lithium disilicate glass ceramic (IPS e.max CAD; Ivoclar Vivadent AG) blocks were crystallized, as recommended by the manufacturer. All samples of each group were further divided into 3 equal subgroups of 9 each according to the miswak oral hygiene aid type.

Al-Ahmari M.M., Alzahrani A.H., Al-Qatarneh F.A., Al Moaleem M.M., Shariff M., Alqahtani S.M., Porwal A., Al-Sanabani F.A, & AlDhelai T.A. (2022). Effect of Miswak Derivatives on Color Changes and Mechanical Properties of Polymer-Based Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufactured (CAD/CAM) Dental Ceramic Materials. Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 28, e936892-1-e936892-10.

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Lithium Disilicate Veneers: Substrate and Fabrication Impact

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The investigated groups (Table 1) differed in the tooth substrate on which the occlusal veneers were bonded (E: enamel or D: dentin) and in the manufacturing procedure of the lithium disilicate reinforced glass-ceramic (LS2) restorations (CAD: milling or PRE: heat-pressing). The following four groups (n = 20 per group) were assessed:
(1) "E-CAD": CAD/CAM fabricated LS2 occlusal veneer (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) bonded to enamel;
(2) "E-PRE": heat-pressed LS2 occlusal veneer (IPS e.max press; Ivoclar Vivadent) bonded to enamel;
(3) "D-CAD": CAD/CAM fabricated LS2 (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) bonded to dentin;
(4) "D-PRE": heat-pressed LS2 occlusal veneer (IPS e.max press; Ivoclar Vivadent) bonded to dentin.

Mörikofer N., Benic G.I., Park J.M., Özcan M., Hüsler J, & Ioannidis A. (2021). Relationship between internal accuracy and load-bearing capacity of minimally invasive lithium disilicate occlusal veneers. The International journal of prosthodontics, 34(4).

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Structural Analysis of CAD/CAM Dental Ceramics

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Five materials were used in this study, IPS e-max CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan Liechtenstein), IPS e-max sintered at 800°C, IPS Empress CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan Liechtenstein), IPS Empress Multi CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan Liechtenstein), and Vita Enamic (VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany). Chosen materials represent the most common used group in CAD/CAM technic. CAD/CAM blocks was cut into 1mm slice and polished on a wet rotary polisher with 800 and 1200-grit silicon paper.
Powder X-ray diffraction patterns were measured in 2θ range of 5-80° 2Θ by using a PANalytical X'Pert Pro X-ray diffractometer equipped with Ni-filtered Cu Kα1 radiation (Kα1 = 1.54060 Å, U = 40 kV, I = 30 mA). The experimental XRD patterns were correlated with the patterns obtained from database of inorganic crystal structure (COD) and analyzed. Ceramics phase was identify using Match! 3.6.1.115 software.
The ATR (Attenuated Total Reflection) spectra were measured using Nicolet iS50 FT-IR (Thermo Scientific) spectrometer equipped with an Automated Beamsplitter exchange system (iS50 ABX containing DLaTGS KBr detector), built-in all reflective diamond ATR module (iS50 ATR), Thermo Scientific PolarisTM and HeNe laser as an IR radiation source. Spectral resolution was set to 4 cm⁻¹.

Dobrzynski M., Pajaczkowska M., Nowicka J., Jaworski A., Kosior P., Szymonowicz M., Kuropka P., Rybak Z., Bogucki Z.A., Filipiak J., Targonska S., Ciupa-Litwa A., Han A, & Wiglusz R.J. (2019). Study of Surface Structure Changes for Selected Ceramics Used in the CAD/CAM System on the Degree of Microbial Colonization, In Vitro Tests. BioMed Research International, 2019, 9130806.

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Digitally Designed Dental Veneers

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After preparation, the teeth were fixed in putty silicone bases to ensure better control during further clinical and laboratory steps (Figure 2a). The prepared teeth were scanned using a Ceramill Map 600 scanner (Amann Girrbach AG, Koblach, Austria), and the designing of each veneer was undertaken using Ceramill Mind software (Amann Girrbach AG) (Figure 2b). The cement gap was set to 0.02 mm, the milling device was a Ceramill Motion 2 (Amann Girrbach AG), and IPS e.max CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Zurich, Switzerland) material was used for milling the veneers. All further laboratory steps were performed according to manufacturer instructions for use, using crystallization and firing parameters provided by the manufacturer [14 ].

Gaile M., Papia E., Zalite V., Locs J, & Soboleva U. (2022). Resin Cement Residue Removal Techniques: In Vitro Analysis of Marginal Defects and Discoloration Intensity Using Micro-CT and Stereomicroscopy. Dentistry Journal, 10(4), 55.

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IPS e.max Press and CAD Polishing Protocols

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In the present study, 144 LDGC specimens were used (12 × 4 × 2 mm). Seventy-two specimens were produced by pressing from ingots (IPS e.max Press; Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein), and the remaining 72 were produced by milling from blocks (IPS e.max CAD; Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein). Under the manufacturer’s instructions, the firing processes of the IPS e.max Press (IP) specimens were applied, as indicated in Table 1; the crystallization process of the IPS e.max CAD (IC) specimens was completed at 840°C, and the glaze processes were applied as indicated in Table 1. The specimens belonging to the IP and IC groups were randomly divided into four groups according to their polishing processes and polished with 600-, 800-, and 1200-grit silicon carbide paper under water for 60 seconds to standardize the surface quality. The polishing kits specified in Table 2 were used unidirectionally for 60 s each, with a maximum tip rotating speed of 8000 rpm, according to the manufacturer’s instructions, with an average pressure of 2 N. All procedures were performed by the same operator to apply uniform pressure and application procedures during polishing.

Ozdogan A, & Kaya N. (2022). Effectiveness and safety of bleaching agents on lithium disilicate glass ceramics. Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects, 16(4), 251-257.

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Evaluation of Buckling Resistance of NiTi Files

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Buckling resistance was evaluated using a universal testing machine (UTM; Universal Mechanics Analyzer, IB Systems, Seoul, Korea), which consisted of a stainless-steel jaw operated by a reversible geared motor, a staging platform connected to a load cell, and a torque gauge. Lopes et al. [14 (link)] measured the buckling resistance as the force generated when an axial force caused a lateral elastic displacement of 1 mm of a NiTi file. In the present study, a NiTi file was compressed in the axial direction at 1.2 mm/s, while the tip of the file was placed in a small dimple prepared on a ceramic block (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) (Figure 1A). The force generated by the 2 mm axial movement was recorded as the buckling resistance. During the buckling resistance test, the DR1 file did not bend following the application of a downward force, and therefore, its buckling resistance could not be measured. The test was performed on 15 new instruments of DR2, HyFlex Remover, and Mtwo R25/05.

Kim Y., Chang S.W, & Oh S. (2023). Buckling resistance, torque, and force generation during retreatment with D-RaCe, HyFlex Remover, and Mtwo retreatment files. Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, 48(1), e10.

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Randomized Comparison of Dental Restorations

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Randomization was carried out using computerized sequence generation (https://www.randomizer.org/). Participants were assigned into two groups (A and B) according to the type of restorative material received. Each participant received an opaque sealed envelope with a randomized number. Group A received CAD/CAM lithium disilicateceramic blocks (IPS E.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent, Lieschtenstein, Germany) restorations and group B received CAD/CAM nano-hybridcomposite blocks (Grandio, VOCO, GmgH, Cuxhaven, Germany) restorations.

Ibrahim S.H., Amr H., Hassan A.A, & Elzohairy A. (2022). Internal fit evaluation of indirect restorations fabricated from CAD/CAM composite blocks versus ceramic blocks in badly broken teeth using cone beam CT (CBCT): double-blinded randomized clinical trial. Heliyon, 8(5), e09466.

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Preparation of Bovine Mandibular Incisors

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Preparation of specimens was performed according to protocol published in Sagen et al. [8 (link)]
Bovine mandibles (4–6 years old) were obtained from the Norwegian food producer Nortura. A total of 190 bovine mandibular incisors were extracted, cut and mounted in epoxy resin (EpoFix, Struers, Copenhagen, Denmark) with buccal surface exposed.
Circular zirconia (n = 100, Starceram Z, H.C. Starck Ceramics GmbH, Selb, Germany) and lithium disilicate (n = 50, IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein, ) rods (5 mm diameter, 11.5 mm length) were produced by CAD/CAM technique (Solidworks CAD, Dassault Systemes, Waltham, Massachusetts. hyperDENT CAM software, FOLLOW-ME!, Munich, Germany. Milled in Röders RXD5C, Soltau, Germany). The rods were ground at one end using P500 silicon carbide paper (SiC, Struers, Copenhagen, Denmark) to obtain a uniform surface roughness. Before further surface treatment the rods were cleaned with a dental steamer (Steamer X3, Amann Girrbach, Pforzheim, Germany) and thoroughly air-dried.

Aker Sagen M., Vos L., Dahl J.E, & Rønold H.J. (2022). Shear bond strength of resin bonded zirconia and lithium disilicate – effect of surface treatment of ceramics and dentin. Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry, 9(1), 10-19.

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Milling Accuracy of Zirconia-Reinforced Lithium Silicate and Lithium Disilicate Crowns

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Using a three-dimensional (3D) optical scanning device (Ceramill Map400, Amann Girrbach, Koblach, Vorarlberg, Austria), a 3D digital model of a morse taper universal abutment (Munhão Universal, Intraoss, Itaquaquecetuba, São Paulo, Brazil) with a 4.5 mm diameter, 6 mm height, and 2.5 mm collar height was obtained. From this model, and regarding the anatomy of a mandibular first molar, a monolithic crown was drawn using CAD software (Ceramill Mind, Amann Girrbach). From this CAD model, 20 ZLS crowns (Suprinity, Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany) and 20 LDS crowns (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) were milled (Ceramill Motion 2, Amann Girrbach). Integrity of crown margins was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (JSM-5600LV, Jeol, Boston, Massachusetts, USA).

GOMES R.S., de SOUZA C.M., BERGAMO E.T., BORDIN D, & DEL BEL CURY A.A. (2017). Misfit and fracture load of implant-supported monolithic crowns in zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate. Journal of Applied Oral Science, 25(3), 282-289.

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