A 443654

Unless otherwise indicated, all chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The anti-Mfn2 (M-6444) polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO) and Abcam (Cambridge, MA), respectively. Anti-mTOR antibody was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). A-443654 was from Abbott Laboratories (Abbott Park, Illinois), LY294002 was from Cell Signaling (Beverly, MA), rapamycin from Calbiochem (San Diego, CA), PI/RNase Staining Buffer was from BD Biosciences (San Diego, CA). The anti-Flag monoclonal antibody M2 was from Sigma-Aldrich. Anti-Mouse/Rat Ki-67 eFluor450 was purchased from eBioscience (San Diego, CA). MitoQ was a generous gift from Dr. Mike Murphy (MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust, Cambridge, UK).

All chemical reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corporation (St. Louis, MO, USA) unless otherwise specified. The experimental small-molecule Akt inhibitor A-443654 was provided by Abbott Laboratories (Abbott Park, IL, USA) (18 (link)). The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin was purchased from Calbiochem (EMD Chemicals; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). The pan-Caspase inhibitor ZVAD-fmk was purchased from MBL International (Woburn, MA, USA). Monoclonal antibodies used were: Akt, phospho-Akt, phospho-GSK, PARP, and LC3 (Cell Signaling; Beverly, MA, USA); caspase 3 (Biosource; Camarillo, CA, USA), and a polyclonal antibody to actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology; Santa Cruz, CA, USA).The MiaPaca-2 and PANC-1 cell lines were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, MD, USA) and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, sodium pyruvate, nonessential amino acids, L-glutamine, vitamins, penicillin, and streptomycin. Cells were maintained at 37°C in a humidified incubator containing 5% CO₂.