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4 protocols using ab300621

1

Histopathological Analysis of Kidney Injury

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The hematoxylin and Eosin Staining Kit (60524ES60, Yeasen, Shanghai, China) was used according to the manufacturer’s instructions. For the presence of morphologic changes, tubular injury was scored as previously reported [10 (link)]. We evaluated the pathology score with two senior pathologists on a blind basis. Each kidney section was analyzed in at least ten fields.
To assess severity of kidney fibrosis, Masson’s trichrome was performed with Masson Stain Kit (G1006, Servicebio, Wuhan, China). It was scored as the percentage of tubulointerstitial fibrosis: no fibrosis (0), less than 25% (1), 25–50% (2), 50–75% (3), and more than 75% (4).
An immunohistochemistry assay was conducted in accordance with standard protocols. F4/80 (1:500, ab300421, Abcam, MA, USA) or α-SMA (1:300, sc-53142, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) were applied to paraffin-embedded sections. Quantification was calculated as a percentage of areas stained positively to total areas.
In the immunofluorescence assay, macrophages were identified with primary antibodies α-SMA (1:500, sc-53142, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) and CD206 (1:200, ab300621, Abcam, Cambridge, UK).
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2

Cardiac Tissue Histochemistry and Immunofluorescence

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Heart tissue was fixed in 4% POM for >24 h. Part of the heart tissue was paraffin-embedded, while the other part was OCT-embedded. Masson’s trichrome and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were performed on paraffin sections (4 μm). The OCT sections (8 μm) were treated with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Cardiac sections were stained with anti-α-SMA (ab124964, Abcam) by immunohistochemistry at 4°C overnight. The next day, after washing with PBS, the sections were incubated with the secondary antibody and DAB substrate. The color reaction was stopped with ddH2O, and the sections were incubated with hematoxylin. Frozen sections or cells were fixed with 4% POM for 15 min at room temperature and then incubated with anti-CD68 (ab283654, Abcam), anti-CD206 (ab300621, Abcam), or anti-iNOS (ab283655, Abcam) at 4°C overnight. The next day, after washing with PBS, the sections were incubated with fluorescently labeled antibodies at room temperature for 30 min and then with DAPI at room temperature for 3 min. Pictures of the sections were taken at ×100/×200 magnification on a fluorescence microscope (Olympus, BX53, Japan).
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Immunohistochemical and Immunofluorescent Analysis of Markers

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All paraffin‐embedded material was sectioned at 4 μm. After dewaxing and hydration, the sections were incubated overnight with Abs against human HOXA7 (67112‐1‐Ig; Proteintech), human CD68 (sc‐17,832; Santa Cruz), human CD163 (16646‐1‐AP; Proteintech), human CD206 (ab252921; Abcam), mouse F4/80 (ab6640; Abcam), mouse Ki‐67 (ab1667; Abcam), and mouse CD206 (ab300621; Abcam). Primary Ab was detected with HRP‐conjugated secondary Abs incubated for 8 min. Sections were washed in distilled water, counterstained with hematoxylin, dehydrated, and mounted. The whole tissue section was scored with staining intensity and percentage and the scoring scale was graded as follows: 0, no staining; 1, light brown staining; 2, brown staining; and 3, dark brown staining. The percentage of positive cells was divided into four levels: 1, <5%; 2, 5%–30%; 3, 31%–60%; and 4, 61%–100%. The IHC staining score was calculated as follows: intensity score × percentage score.
For IF, 5% BSA was used as the blocking buffer before incubation with primary Abs. We used DAPI (Invitrogen) to counterstain the tissues before mounting with fluorescent mounting medium (Dako).
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4

Evaluating Cell Apoptosis and Macrophage Polarization

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flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell apoptosis and macrophage polarization. For cell apoptosis analysis, the treated cells were incubated with annexin V conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and propidium iodide (PI) (C1062L; Beyotime, Beijing, China) at room temperature in the dark for 20 min. For the macrophage polarization, the treated cells were fixed with 1% paraformaldehyde (PFA) overnight at 4 °C and then incubated with anti-CD86 (ab239075; Abcam, Shanghai, China) and anti-CD206 (ab300621; Abcam, Shanghai, China) antibodies for 30 min at 20 °C.
Following incubations, the cells were analyzed by flow cytometry (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA).
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