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6 protocols using mabe462

1

ChIP-qPCR Protocol for TET2 Binding

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ChIP was performed using a ChIP assay kit (Millipore) following the manufacturer’s instructions. DNA fragments, produced by sonication, were incubated with antibodies against TET2 (MABE 462, Millipore, USA) and IgG (as a control) at 4 °C overnight. Enriched DNA fragments were detected by PCR with the following FBP1 ChIP primers: F:5′-GATCCCCGACCTTGTCTGAA-3′, R:5′-TCGCGGAAACCTTTAGACGC-3′.
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Expression

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Cells were lysed and boiled for 10 min in sample buffer (2% SDS, 10% glycerol, 10% β-Mercaptoethanol, Bromphenol Blue and Tris-HCl, pH 6.8). Equal amounts of protein (50–100 μg) from cell lysate were denatured in sample buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific), subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (Bio-Rad). The membranes were immunoblotted with specific primary antibodies, horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies, and visualized by SuperSignal West Pico Stable Peroxide Solution (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Primary antibodies were against AR (dilution 1:1000; #sc-816, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), CXXC5 (dilution 1:1000; #16513-1-AP, Proteintech), CXXC4 (dilution 1:500; #ab105400, Abcam), TET2 (dilution 1:1000; #MABE462, Millipore), TET3 (dilution 1:1000; #ab139311, Abcam), TET1 (dilution 1:1000; #ab191698, Abcam), ID3 (dilution 1:500, #sc-56712, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), PFN2 (dilution 1:1000; #sc-100955, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), BRD4 (dilution 1:1000; #ab128874, Abcam), p300 (dilution 1:1000; #MS-586-PO, Thermo Scientific), ID1 (dilution 1:1000; #ab66495, Abcam), FOXA1 (dilution 1:1000; #ab23738, Abcam), Flag (dilution 1:1000; #F1804, Sigma Aldrich) and V5 (dilution 1:1000; #A190-120A, Bethyl Laboratories) and ERK2 (dilution 1:2000; #sc-1647, Santa Cruz Biotechnology).
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Epigenetic Regulators

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For western blot, proteins were separated on a denaturing SDS-PAGE gel and transferred to PVDF membrane. Membranes were blocked in PBST +5% nonfat dry milk at room temp for >10 min or at 4°C overnight. Primary antibodies used for western blot were: FLAG M2 monoclonal antibody (Sigma Aldrich F1804), TET2 monoclonal antibody (Millipore MABE462), TET3 polyclonal antibody (Millipore ABE383), OGT polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz sc32921), OGT monoclonal antibody (Cell Signaling D1D8Q), His6 monoclonal antibody (Thermo MA1-21315), JL8 GFP monoclonal antibody (Clontech), and O-GlcNAc RL2 monoclonal antibody (Abcam ab2739). Secondary antibodies used were goat anti-mouse HRP and goat anti-rabbit HRP from BioRad. Blots were incubated with Pico Chemiluminescent Substrate (ThermoFisher) and exposed to film in a dark room.
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4

ELISA-based Quantification of Interferon-α and p24

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ELISA kits for human alpha interferon (IFN-α [Mabtech; 3425-1H-20]) were used according to the manufacturer’s instructions. ELISA kits for p24 (Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research—AIDS and Cancer Virus Program) were used according to the instructions of the manufacturer. For intracellular p24 detection, infected cells were first permeabilized using Cytofix/Cytoperm from BD following the manufacturer’s protocol and then incubated with anti-p24–fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) antibody (1:50 dilution [Beckman Coulter; KC-57]). Anti-TET2 was obtained from Millipore (MABE462). Anti-IFITM3 (11714-1) was obtained from Proteintech. Anti-CD14 was obtained from Abcam (ab181470). Antiactin was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (sc-47778). Anti-gp120 (catalog no. 288), anti-p24 (catalog no. 6458), anti-gp41 (catalog no. 11557), and sCD4 (catalog no. 4615) were all obtained from the NIH AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program (NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA). Five hundred nanograms per ml of the isotype control (R&D [MAB004]) or anti-IL-6 neutralizing antibody (R&D [MAB2061R]) was used for the neutralization assay.
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5

Monocyte TET2 Knockdown Assay

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We used ON-TARGETplus small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) to perform knockdown experiments in peripheral blood monocytes. We also used the ON-TARGETplus Non-targeting Control Pool as a negative control. We transfected monocytes with siRNAs using Lipofectamine 3000 Reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, Calif) and added 800 U of GM-CSF (Gentaur Molecular Products) 24 hours later. We examined TET2 levels by using Western blotting (reference: MABE462; Millipore, Billerica, Mass) 4 days after GM-CSF addition (5 days after transfection).
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6

Epigenomic Profiling of Reprogramming

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ChIP assay was performed on day 4 (Flag and CypD) and day 8 (control, mastoparan, and paraquat) during reprogramming as described previously (Chen et al., 2013) . Anti-Tet2 (Millipore, MABE462) and anti-Tet1 (Millipore, 09-872) antibodies were used.
Quantitative Real-Time PCR Total RNA was extracted using TRIzol (Invitrogen). Transcript levels of genes were determined using Premix Ex Taq (Takara) and analyzed with a CFX-96 Real Time system (Bio-Rad).
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