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Vitrea

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Vitrea is a versatile laboratory equipment designed for conducting a variety of scientific experiments and analyses. It is a compact and reliable instrument that can be utilized in various research and testing applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

Aquilion one, by Toshiba (3 mentions) Aquilion one 320, by Toshiba (2 mentions) Diprivan, by AstraZeneca (1 mentions) Advantage windows, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)

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Vitrea fx Vitrea Workstation Vitrea Core software Vitrea, Version 6.2 Vitrea software

10 protocols using vitrea

1

Quantifying Muscle Perfusion: CTPI and DSA

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The imaging data collected from CT and DSA were sent to their respective post-processing workstations, respectively (CT: Vitrea, Toshiba, Japan; DSA: Leonardo, Siemens, Germany). The CTPI and color-coded DSA images were automatically generated by the software. Based on the images, the 50-mm region of interest (ROI) was selected in the bilateral vastus lateralis muscle from all the rabbits by two practicing interventional radiologists independently. The ROI was chosen in the soft tissue, yet away from the skeleton and vessels in both the CTPI and DSA groups.
Using the post-processing workstation, perfusion parameters, including blood flow (AF), blood volume (BV), and contrast agent clearance (C) values of the right and left limb ROI (AF-R, AF-L; BV-R, BV-L; C-R, C-L, respectively) in the CTPI subgroup and the maximum contrast enhancement (peak) of the right and left limb ROI (peak-R, peak-L, respectively) in the DSA subgroup were obtained. To eliminate individual differences among the rabbits in this study, the ratios of AF, BV, C, and the peak were calculated during the post-processing (AF-R/L, BV-R/L, C-R/L and peak-R/L).
Li C., Liu X., You H., Zhang H., Liu Y, & Zhang Y. (2019). Perfusion imaging with 320-slice spiral computed tomography and color-coded digital subtraction angiography for assessing acute skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rabbit model. BMC Medical Imaging, 19, 75.
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2

Coronary Artery Calcification Evaluation in CKD

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We retrospectively enrolled 36 consecutive patients with CKD Stages 4–5 at the Clinical Division of Nephrology in Graz who underwent routine evaluations prior to kidney transplantation between 2010 and 2014. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Medical University of Graz (26_052 ex 13/14), and complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. The computed tomography (CT) examinations of heart and pelvis were routinely performed on a Toshiba Aquilion One 320-row detector CT scanner (Toshiba Medical Systems, Minato, Japan). The calcium score for the coronary arteries, the ascending thoracic aorta and the infrarenal abdominal aorta with the common iliac arteries was calculated by multiplying the calcification areas in mm2 by a density score determined from the peak CT scan number (Agatston score) [22 (link), 23 (link)] with a dedicated software (Vitrea, Toshiba Medical Systems) on a computed workstation by two independent experienced reviewers. Scores were determined for each main epicardial coronary artery, and the total calcium score was defined as the sum of the values of all lesions identified.
Kirsch A.H., Kirsch A., Artinger K., Schabhüttl C., Goessler W., Klymiuk I., Gülly C., Fritz G.A., Frank S., Wimmer R., Brodmann M., Anders H.J., Pramstaller P.P., Rosenkranz A.R., Eller K, & Eller P. (2015). Heterogeneous susceptibility for uraemic media calcification and concomitant inflammation within the arterial tree. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 30(12), 1995-2005.
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3

Coronary Artery Calcium Quantification in CKD

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We retrospectively enrolled 36 consecutive patients with CKD Stages 4–5 at the Clinical Division of Nephrology in Graz who underwent routine evaluations prior to kidney transplantation between 2010 and 2014. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Medical University of Graz (26_052 ex 13/14), and complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. The computed tomography (CT) examinations of heart and pelvis were routinely performed on a Toshiba Aquilion One 320-row detector CT scanner (Toshiba Medical Systems, Minato, Japan). The calcium score for the coronary arteries, the ascending thoracic aorta and the infrarenal abdominal aorta with the common iliac arteries was calculated by multiplying the calcification areas in mm² by a density score determined from the peak CT scan number (Agatston score) [22 (link), 23 (link)] with a dedicated software (Vitrea, Toshiba Medical Systems) on a computed workstation by two independent experienced reviewers. Scores were determined for each main epicardial coronary artery, and the total calcium score was defined as the sum of the values of all lesions identified.
Kirsch A.H., Kirsch A., Artinger K., Schabhüttl C., Goessler W., Klymiuk I., Gülly C., Fritz G.A., Frank S., Wimmer R., Brodmann M., Anders H.J., Pramstaller P.P., Rosenkranz A.R., Eller K, & Eller P. (2015). Heterogeneous susceptibility for uraemic media calcification and concomitant inflammation within the arterial tree. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 30(12), 1995-2005.
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4

Measurement of Kidney Volume in ADPKD

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Measured TKV (mTKV) using the manual tracing method was performed using Vitrea (Toshiba) software. The kidney surfaces were manually drawn on the T1 axial images, and the volume was calculated by the software after extrapolation of the surfaces and manual correction.
Estimated TKV (eTKV) was obtained as follows: for each kidney, the length, width, and depth were measured on multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) obtained with T1 images. The length of the kidney was defined as the maximum length obtained on a coronal-oblique image after reconstruction following the sagittal plane of the kidney. The width was defined as the largest perpendicular axis obtained on the same coronal-oblique plane for the length, and the depth was the longest anteroposterior axis of the kidney perpendicular to the sagittal axis of the kidney. TKV was estimated using the ellipsoid technique, as follows: TKV = (π/6) × L × W × D (L = maximum longitudinal length; W = maximum width perpendicular to L; D = maximum depth).12 (link)
The senior and junior radiologists (referred to as SR and JR hereafter) performed mTKV and eTKV measurements in 53 and 140 patients, respectively. They repeated mTKV and eTKV measurements in a subset of 10 and 22 patients stratified for kidney volume for repeatability analyses.
Demoulin N., Nicola V., Michoux N., Gillion V., Ho T.A., Clerckx C., Pirson Y, & Annet L. (2021). Limited Performance of Estimated Total Kidney Volume for Follow-up of ADPKD. Kidney International Reports, 6(11), 2821-2829.
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5

Radiographic Evaluation of Liver RFA

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All imaging scans were analyzed retrospectively by a board-certified radiologist.
Volumetric lesion size was determined on CT images by contouring the index tumors and post-treatment ablation areas on each axial slice (Vitrea, Toshiba Medical Systems, Minnetonka, MN). Penumbras were analyzed from the T1W MRI. Qualitative imaging features on CT were evaluated in terms of rim or margin enhancement characteristics, and the dynamic imaging appearances were described over time.
Case controls for patients receiving liver RFA without LTLD were compared to the study group in terms of ablation zone dynamics in the weeks following ablation.
Hong C.W., Chow L., Turkbey E.B., Lencioni R., Libutti S.K, & Wood B.J. (2015). Imaging features of radiofrequency ablation with heat deployed liposomal doxorubicin in hepatic tumors. Cardiovascular and interventional radiology, 39(3), 409-416.
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6

Liver Disease Monitoring in Pigs

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In order to monitor liver disease a CT scan was performed on each pig every 2–3 months. Animals were pre-medicated with 1 mg/kg midazolam (ERWO Pharma GmbH, Brunn am Gebirge, Austria), 10 mg/kg ketamin (Ketasol, aniMedica GmbH, Senden-Bösensell, Germany), and 2 mg/kg azaperon (Stresnil, Janssen-Cilag Pharma, Vienna, Austria). Animals were intubated with a 8.0 spiral tubus (Willy Rüsch GmbH, Kernen, Germany) and ventilated with an mobile ventilator (Oxylog 2000, Dräger Medical, Best, Netherlands). Sedation was maintained by a sustainable application of 5–10 mg/kg/h propofol (Diprivan, Astra Zeneca, Vienna, Austria) through a syringe pump (Perfusor F, Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany).
CT scans were performed with a dynamic volume computed tomography scanner (Aquilion ONE, Toshiba Medical Systems, Japan). Contrast agent 2,5 ml/kg Iopamidol (Jopamiro 300mg, Bracco Austria, Vienna, Austria) was injected through the ear vein. CT images were processed with a 3D workstation (Vitrea, Toshiba Medical Systems, Japan)
Kessler S.M., Leber B., Hoppstädter J., Golob-Schwarzl N., Hofer E.M., Schultheiss C.S., Mischinger H.J., Liegl-Atzwanger B., Lackner C., Stiegler P, & Haybaeck J. (2019). Diethylnitrosamine (DENA) recapitulates formation of hepatic angiosarcoma in pigs. PLoS ONE, 14(5), e0214756.
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7

3D Aortic Structure Segmentation

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CT images were acquired on a 320-slice Toshiba Aquilion One system with 0.742mm in-plane resolution and 2.5mm slice thickness. All available series were reviewed with physicians using the 3D Reconstruction capabilities of the Toshiba Vitrea (Toshiba Medical Systems Europe) workstation to quickly determine the diagnostic scan best suited for segmentation based on slice thickness, resolution, and clear tissue boundaries to identify the anatomic regions of interest: aortic lumen, thrombus, and calcifications. The CTA resulted in clear structure delineation, Figure 2.
Meess K.M., Izzo R.L., Dryjski M.L., Curl R.E., Harris L.M., Springer M., Siddiqui A.H., Rudin S, & Ionita C.N. (2017). 3D Printed Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Phantom for Image Guided Surgical Planning with a Patient Specific Fenestrated Endovascular Graft System. Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering, 10138, 101380P.
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8

Measuring Aortic Aneurysm Diameter and Growth

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Clinical diameter measurements for each CT scan were obtained from clinical radiology reports and the maximal aortic diameter in the infrarenal segment was recorded for comparison with VDM results. Clinical maximum diameter measurements at our center are performed in a dedicated 3D analysis laboratory by experienced technicians using clinical analysis software (Vitrea, Vital Images, Toshiba, Tokyo, Japan) and centerline technique to obtain reformatted images in double-oblique plans. Maximum aortic diameter (including thrombus and the arterial wall) are then performed two directions perpendicular to the lumen centerline and these measurements are recorded in the clinical CT report. Volumetric measurements of the AAA were obtained using Mimics software. Aneurysm volume was determined by segmenting the AAA (lumen & ILT) from a level directly below the renal arteries down to the level of the aortic bifurcation. Growth was defined as “none/minimal” if clinical diameter increase was 0.0–0.3 cm, “moderate” if diameter change was 0.4–0.9 cm and “large” if diameter change was ≥1.0 cm; AAAs with “none/minimal” growth are considered “stable” given the known variability in aortic diameter measurements [21 (link)].
Braet D.J., Eliason J., Ahmed Y., van Bakel P.A., Zhong J., Bian Z., Figueroa C.A, & Burris N.S. (2021). Vascular Deformation Mapping of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Tomography, 7(2), 189-201.
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9

Imaging Protocol for Anomalous Coronary Anatomy

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CTA was chosen as the gold standard imaging modality to define anatomy of the anomalous CA in our program, and a specific imaging protocol was developed. The presence and length of intramural course were determined using crosssectional shape of the lumen and the pericoronary fat sign, a sign described by our institution. 13 All studies were performed with a 320-detector scanner (Aquilion ONE, Toshiba Medical Systems, Japan), without sedation, during volitional breath-holding. Images were obtained with retrospective ECG gating and were transferred to a postprocessing workstation (Vitrea, Toshiba America Medical Systems Inc, Tustin, CA). Image-reformatting techniques and virtual endoscopy 14 (link) were used for analysis. A standardized interpretation was performed by three cardiovascular radiologists reading the studies. The type of AAOCA, ostial morphology and location, and presence and length of intramural course was described in a standardized report (Figure 2).
Molossi S., Agrawal H., Mery C.M., Krishnamurthy R., Masand P., Sexson Tejtel S.K., Noel C.V., Qureshi A.M., Jadhav S.P., McKenzie E.D, & Fraser CD J.r. (2020). Outcomes in Anomalous Aortic Origin of a Coronary Artery Following a Prospective Standardized Approach. Circulation. Cardiovascular interventions, 13(2).
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10

Imaging Analysis of Surgical Intervention

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During the first 24 hours after the intervention, a scan was performed with computed tomography (CT) with 64 detectors (TSX-101A; Toshiba Aquilion). A volumetric configuration was made in the axial plane with the bone and soft tissue reconstructions at a thickness of 0.5 mm (standardized diagnostic for this equipment). Subsequently, in postprocessing steps, orthogonal reconstructions were made in the coronal and sagittal planes, in addition to 3-dimensional reconstructions with a volume-rendering technique. Vitrea (v 4.1.14.0; Toshiba), Advantage Windows (v AW 4.3_05; General Electric Healthcare), and OsiriXTM (32-bit, v 7.0; OsiriX) were used to analyze the images.
The metric analysis of the radiological parameters was carried out by a radiologist outside the study, who did not know the type of technique applied to each specimen.
Minuesa-Asensio A., García-Esteo F., Mérida-Velasco J.R., Barrio-Asensio C., López-Fernández P., Aramberri-Gutiérrez M, & Murillo-González J. (2020). Comparison of Coracoid Graft Position and Fixation in the Open Versus Arthroscopic Latarjet Techniques: A Cadaveric Study. The American journal of sports medicine, 48(9).
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