Trypsin 0.25

The CA was gifted by Ranbaxy (Mohali, India). Tween 20^®, ethyl oleate, eucalyptus oil, propylene glycol, polyethylene 400 (PEG 400), castor oil, dimethyl sulfoxide ≥99.5% (DMSO), thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide 98% (MTT) and methylcellulose were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Tween 80^®, soybean oil and olive oil were purchased from R&M Chemicals Ltd. (Essex, UK). Capmul MCM EP was obtained from the Abitec Corporation (Janesville, WI, USA). Peceol and Maisine 35-1 were obtained from Gattefosse (Saint-Priest, France). Cremophor EL^® was obtained from BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). The dialysis membrane (MWCO 12,000 g/mole) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Sdn Bhd, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. The Caco-2 cell line was bought from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (Manassas, VA, USA). Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium (DMEM) was purchased from GE Healthcare Life Sciences (Logan, UT, USA). Trypsin 0.25% was purchased from GE Healthcare Life Sciences (Logan, UT, USA). The penicillin-streptomycin solution (100×) was obtained from Biowest (Nuaillé, France). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). The passive lysis buffer (5×) was purchased from Promega (Madison, WI, USA).

Lopinavir was obtained from Ranbaxy (Mohali, India). Compritol 888 ATO^® (glycerol dibehenate EP- glyceryl behenate NF), was procured from Gattefosse (Saint-Priest, France). Sephadex^® G-25, trehalose and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were procured from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Oleic acid was obtained from R&M Chemicals (Essex, UK). Poloxamer 188 (Pluronic^® F-68) was purchased from Molekula (Dorset, UK). Polysorbate 80 (Tween^® 80) was purchased from Euro chemo-pharma Sdn. Bhd. (Penang, Malaysia). The Caco-2 cell line was obtained from ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA). The Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM) and trypsin 0.25% were purchased from GE healthcare life sciences (Logan, UT, USA). Penicillin-streptomycin solution 100× was obtained from Biowest (Nuaillé, France). Passive lysis buffer (5×) was purchased from Promega (Madison, WI, USA).