Acton spectrapro 2300i

Reflectance spectroscopy measurements were performed under sample direct illumination in a dual-beam spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies Cary 5000 UV-Vis-NIR) equipped with a diffuse reflectance accessory. Fluorescence spectra for samples in air and in aqueous 3-(N-morpholino)propane sulfonic acid (MOPS) buffer in a quartz cuvette were measured under 355 nm irradiation of the samples by a passively Q-switched powerchip laser (Teem Photonics PNV-M02510) operating in pulsed regime (350 ps pulses, 1 kHz repetition rate). The fluorescence was spectrally resolved using a single-grating spectrometer (Princeton Instruments Acton SpectraPro 2300i) and acquired by a thermoelectrically cooled Vis CCD camera (AndorNewton^EM). Fluorescence lifetime were measured in air under sample irradiation at 350 nm by an optical parametric amplifier (Light Conversion TOPAS-C) pumped by a regenerative Ti:Sapphire amplifier (Coherent Libra-HE), delivering 200 fs-long pulses at 1 kHz repetition rate. The fluorescence was spectrally dispersed using a single-grating spectrometer (Princeton Instruments Acton SpectraPro2300i) and acquired by a Vis streak camera (Hamamatsu C1091). Pump fluence was kept below 50 μJ cm⁻² per pulse in all fluorescence experiments to prevent sample degradation.

Reflectance (R) and transmittance (T) measurements were performed at 8° angle of incidence using a dual-beam spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere accessory (Agilent Cary 5000 UV-Vis-NIR). Absorptance (A) was calculated as 1-R-T.
Time-resolved photoluminescence. Samples were mounted excited by a regenerative amplifier laser (Coherent Libra) delivering 100-fs-long pulses at a repetition rate of 1 KHz. Photoluminescence was dispersed with a grating spectrometer (Princeton Instruments Acton SpectraPro 2300i equipped with a 50 gr/mm grating blazed at 600 nm), dispersed and detected by a streak camera (Hamamatsu).
CW photoluminescence. Samples were excited by a diode-pumped Nd:YVO₄ CW laser at 532 nm (Spectra Physics Millennia). Photoluminescence was dispersed by a grating spectrometer (Princeton Instruments Acton SpectraPro 2300i) and detected by a LN-cooled CCD camera (Princeton Instruments PIXIS). At the highest excitation intensities, laser beam was chopped to reduce the overall thermal loading.

In order to measure continuous-wave photoluminescence spectra, samples were excited with a diode-pumped Nd:YVO₄ CW laser (Spectra Physics Millennia V) at 532 nm. The photoluminescence was dispersed with a grating spectrometer (Princeton Instruments Acton SpectraPro 2500i equipped with a 150 gr/mm, 600 nm blaze grating) and detected by a LN-cooled CCD camera (Princeton Instruments). The absolute photoluminescence quantum yield was calibrated using an Edinburgh FLS920 spectrometer equipped with a Peltier-cooled Hamamatsu R928 photomultiplier tube (185–850 nm). An Edinburgh Xe900 450 W xenon arc lamp was used as exciting light source. Corrected spectra were obtained via a calibration curve supplied with the instrument. Lamp power in the QY experiments about 0.6 mWcm⁻², spot area 0.5 cm².
QY have been determined by using a barium sulphate coated integrating sphere (4 or 6 inches), following the procedure described by de Mello et al.^{43 (link)}.
In time-resolved photoluminescence experiments, samples were excited with a regenerative amplified laser (Coherent Libra) delivering 130-fs-long pulses at a repetition rate of 1 KHz. Photoluminescence was dispersed with a grating spectrometer (Princeton Instruments Acton SpectraPro 2300i equipped with a 50 gr/mm grating blazed at 600 nm), dispersed and detected by a streak camera (Hamamatsu).