To measure the thickness of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), the 512×128 scanning protocol was utilized in a Zeiss HD-OCT with an Angioplex OCTA device (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA) (Figure 1 ). The GCIPL thickness was measured using an elliptical partition and the pRNFL thickness was measured using a quadrantal partition; measurements were obtained from Zeiss OCT reports. GCIPL and RNFL thickness were measured at baseline (pre-operation, PRE), post-operative day (POD) 1, and POD 7.
Hd oct
Manufactured by Zeiss
Sourced in United States
The HD-OCT is a high-definition optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging system developed by Zeiss. It provides high-resolution, cross-sectional images of the internal structures of the eye. The core function of the HD-OCT is to capture detailed images of the retina, optic nerve, and other ocular tissues to support clinical diagnosis and management.
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5 protocols using hd oct
1
Measuring Retinal Layer Thickness Using OCT
2
Comprehensive Ophthalmological Evaluation in ON
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Routine ophthalmologic examinations were recorded including VA measured by ETDRs chart, VF assessed with Humphrey central VF perimetry, VEP and fundoscopic examination. For those who had a VA worse than 6/60, ophthalmologic findings included counting fingers (CF), hand motion (HM), projection of light (PJ) as well as perception of light (PL) or no light perception (no PL). All VA findings were recorded as the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR).10 (link) Findings from OCT performed on a high-definition spectral domain (HD-OCT) (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA) were collected if available. The visual outcomes at one and six months as well as at one year after the onset of ON were collected if available.
3
Evaluating BRVO Treatment Outcomes
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The Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) was used to evaluate temporal changes in best-corrected VA between the two groups. The secondary outcome was defined as pre and post-treatment mean changes in central retinal thickness (HD-OCT (Zeiss, Germany)) and is reflective of treatment response. The CFT was assessed by HD-OCT measurements between the vitreoretinal interface and the anterior boundary of the retinal pigment epithelium. Additional outcomes were defined as follows: the investigation and evaluation by fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA, Heidelberg, Germany) of ischemic or non-ischemic BRVO and retinal circulation; the analysis and quantification of the number of injections during the 12 months follow-up. Safety assessments, including ocular, systemic adverse events (AEs), serious AEs (SAEs), and their correlation with the treatment, as well as injection procedures, were carried out at each follow-up.
4
Diabetic Retinopathy Grading through Imaging
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The DR status of each participant was assessed through color fundus photography (FF 540 Plus; Carl Zeiss Meditech, Jena, Germany) and optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditech, Dublin, CA, USA). In accordance with Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) criteria, DR was graded into three categories: no DR, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (Wilkinson et al. 2003 (link); Wu et al. 2013 (link)). Two or more ophthalmologists classified the DR status based on the results of the exams. If there was discordance between the evaluators, they reviewed the images and agreed on the final interpretation.
5
Ophthalmologic Evaluation of Diabetic Macular Edema
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The ophthalmologic status of each subject was evaluated through fundus photography (FF 540 Plus; Carl Zeiss Meditech, Jena, Germany) and by optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditech, Dublin, CA, USA). The method of evaluating the ophthalomologic status of study subjects has been described in detail in previous studies4 (link),15 (link).
Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) criteria were used to diagnose DME, and one or more of the following were diagnosed as clinically significant macular edema; (1) Thickening of the retina ≤ 500 µm from the center of the macula, or (2) Hard exudates and adjacent retinal thickening ≤ 500 µm from the macular center, or (3) Zone of retinal thickening at least 1 disc area in size located ≤ 1 disc diameter from the center of the macula8 (link),9 (link). Two or more ophthalmologists diagnosed DME based on the results of examinations. If there was discordance between the ophthalmologists, they re-evaluated the results and agreed on the final phenotyping. In this study, even if one eye of subjects satisfies DME, we diagnosed it as a DME case. And when determining the phenotype of DME, there was no consideration of other ophthalmic diseases other than DR.
Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) criteria were used to diagnose DME, and one or more of the following were diagnosed as clinically significant macular edema; (1) Thickening of the retina ≤ 500 µm from the center of the macula, or (2) Hard exudates and adjacent retinal thickening ≤ 500 µm from the macular center, or (3) Zone of retinal thickening at least 1 disc area in size located ≤ 1 disc diameter from the center of the macula8 (link),9 (link). Two or more ophthalmologists diagnosed DME based on the results of examinations. If there was discordance between the ophthalmologists, they re-evaluated the results and agreed on the final phenotyping. In this study, even if one eye of subjects satisfies DME, we diagnosed it as a DME case. And when determining the phenotype of DME, there was no consideration of other ophthalmic diseases other than DR.
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