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Tetrahydrofolate

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Tetrahydrofolate is a cofactor involved in various metabolic processes. It plays a crucial role in the transfer of one-carbon units, which are essential for the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and certain amino acids. Tetrahydrofolate is a key component in cellular metabolism and is widely used in laboratory settings for research and analysis purposes.

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Lab products found in correlation

Methyl tetrahydrofolate, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Nadph, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Benzyl viologen, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Methyl viologen, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Formaldehyde, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Methionine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Cyanocobalamin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Homocysteine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Riboflavin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Serine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Choline, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Folinic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Cystathionine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Dihydrofolate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Taurine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Milli q water system, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Pyridoxal 5 phosphate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Adenosine triphosphate (atp), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ammonium acetate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

5 protocols using tetrahydrofolate

1

Metabolite Profiling for Cell Culture

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The following chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO): methanol and acetonitrile (MS grade), ammonium acetate, ascorbic acid, β-mercaptoethanol, formic acid and standards, 5-adenosyl-methionine, 5-adenosyl-homocysteine, ATP, betaine, choline, cyanocobalamin, cystathionine, cysteine, dihydrofolate, dimethylglycine, dUMP, folic acid, folinic acid, glycine, homocysteine, methionine, methylcobalamine, methyl-tetrahydrofolate, NADPH, pyridoxal 5-phosphate, riboflavin, serine, taurine, tetrahydrofolate, thymidine 5-phosphate and Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium mixed 1:1 with Ham's F-12 (DMEM/F12). Ultrapure type 1 water was obtained from a Milli Q water system (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany). Matrigel (growth factor-reduced) was purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA). Recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was purchased from Mylteni (San Diego, USA).
Fernández-Arroyo S., Cuyàs E., Bosch-Barrera J., Alarcón T., Joven J, & Menendez J.A. (2016). Activation of the methylation cycle in cells reprogrammed into a stem cell-like state. Oncoscience, 2(12), 958-967.
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2

Inhibitors Modulate DHFR Metabolism

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RO 48–8071 fumarate, clorgyline hydrochloride, malic enzyme inhibitor ME1 were obtained from MedChemExpress. Lometrexol and BSO were from Cayman Chemical. A922500 and brequinar were from Selleck Chemicals. Polydatin was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. All other metabolic inhibitors used in the study were from Sigma Aldrich. Tetrahydrofolate was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Lentiviral short hairpin RNA clone for DHFR was from Dharmacon (sense 5’-CCTGAGAAGAATCGACCTTTA-3’). pLenti6.3/V5-DEST vector encoding DHFR and pLX304-V5-CD24 are obtained from DNASU (HsCD00940668 and HsCD00442245). Primers for HLA-A (forward 5’-GAGGAGGAAGAGCTCAGATAGA-3’ and reverse 5’-GGCAGCTGTCTCACACTTTA-3’) and all other commercially available primers for quantitative RT-PCR were obtained from Integrated DNA Technologies. FITC-conjugated anti-human CD24 antibody (SN3/ab30350) was purchased from Abcam. Anti-V5 antibody (sc-81594) and anti-β-actin antibody (AC-74/A2228) are from Santa Cruz Biotechnology and Sigma-Aldrich, respectively. CellTrace™ CFSE Cell Proliferation Kit (C34554A) is from Life Technologies.
Boese A.C., Hwang J.S., Young I., Malin C.M., Avalos V., Kang J, & Kang S. (2022). Metabolic inhibitor screening identifies dihydrofolate reductase as an inducer of the tumor immune escape mediator CD24. Immunomedicine, 2(2), e1041.
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3

Purification of Redox Cofactors and Enzymes

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NAD(P)+, NAD(P)H, FAD, FMN, methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, methyl-tetrahydrofolate, tetrahydrofolate, formaldehyde, and Tris-ATP were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Taufkirchen, Germany). Materials used for protein purification fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) were obtained from GE Healthcare, Sweden. Ferredoxin was purified from Clostridium pasteurianum (58 (link)), and CODH was purified from A. woodii (33 (link)).
Kremp F., Roth J, & Müller V. (2022). A Third Way of Energy Conservation in Acetogenic Bacteria. Microbiology Spectrum, 10(4), e01385-22.
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4

Analytical Standards for Phytochemicals

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Analytical standards (Zeaxanthin, Lutein, β-carotene, Gallic acid, Protocatechuic acid, 4-Hydroxy-benzoic acid, Vanillic acid, Chlorogenic acid, Caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, Ferulic acid, Sinapic acid, Rutin, Kaempferol, IsoQuercetin, Astragalin, Myricetin, Quercetin, α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, tetrahydrofolate, 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid, l-ascorbic acid) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Poznan, Poland). 10-formylfolic acid and pteroyltri-γ-L-glutamic acid were obtained from Schirck’s Laboratories (Jona, Switzerland). α-amylase obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Poznan, Poland) and γ-glutamyl hydrolase obtained from rat blood plasma (Europa Bioproducts Ltd., Cambridge, UK). Other reagents (acetonitrile, triethylamine, ethyl acetate, pyrogallol, ethanol, potassium hydroxide, orthophosphoric acid, methanol, nitric acid, lanthanum chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate) were purchased from Merck (Warsaw, Poland).
Kulczyński B, & Gramza-Michałowska A. (2019). The Profile of Carotenoids and Other Bioactive Molecules in Various Pumpkin Fruits (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) Cultivars. Molecules, 24(18), 3212.
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5

Purification of Redox Cofactors and Enzymes

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NAD(P)+, NAD(P)H, FAD, FMN, methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, glucose-6-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphatate dehydrogenase, tetrahydrofolate and formaldehyde were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Taufkirchen, Germany). Materials used for protein purification via FPLC were obtained from GE Healthcare, Sweden. Ferredoxin (a 2 × [4Fe–4S]-cluster ferredoxin) was purified from C. pasteurianum49 (link), CODH was purified from A. woodii11 (link).
Kremp F., Roth J, & Müller V. (2020). The Sporomusa type Nfn is a novel type of electron-bifurcating transhydrogenase that links the redox pools in acetogenic bacteria. Scientific Reports, 10, 14872.
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