Cytokine levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, MCP-1 and sFlt-1 in the serum of each maternal rat and the activity levels of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in the homogenate of placenta tissue were determined by ELISA with rat ELISA kits IL-1β (ml003057), IL-6 (ml102828), IFN-γ (ml064291), MCP-1 (ml002960), sFlt-1 (ml059017), NO (ml059000) and iNOS (ml003127) purchased from Shanghai Enzyme-linked Biotechnology Co., Ltd. according to the manufacturer's protocols. The absorbance in each group was detected using a microplate reader at 450 nm.
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