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9 protocols using sodium hydroxide (naoh)

1

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Surfaces

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1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (PFDTS) (97%) was purchased from Gelest. 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (>98.0%) and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (>99.0%) were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Corporation. 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (98%), 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecanethiol (97%), silver nitrate (≥99.0%), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) (≥99%), dichloromethane (≥99.5%), and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-BSA (FITC-BSA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Sodium hydroxide (97%) and potassium persulfate (≥99.0%) were purchased from J&K Scientific. Ammonium hydroxide (28–30% in water) and hydrochloric acid (37% in water) were purchased from Acros. Silica nanoparticles (15 ​nm) were purchased from Shanghai Maikun Chemical Co., Ltd., China. Titanium oxide nanoparticles (99.8%, anatase, ∼100 ​nm) were purchased from Macklin. Nanosilver solution (1000 ​ppm in water) was purchased from Aladdin. A Sylgard 184 silicone elastomer kit was purchased from Dow Corning. Ethanol (absolute) was purchased from VWR International. Deionized water was produced using a deionized water system (DINEC, Hong Kong). Commercial glass slide, polyester fabrics, steel sheet, copper sheet, mask, nitrile gloves, and printing paper are cut into ∼2 ​cm ​× ​2 ​cm.
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2

Synthesis of Zwitterionic Copolymer P[SBMA-co-AEMA]

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2-Aminoethyl
methacrylate (AEMA, 98%, Macklin Inc) and [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium
hydroxide (SBMA, 99%, J&K Scientific) were employed as monomers
to synthesize the zwitterionic copolymer P[SBMA-co-AEMA] as reported by Han et al.,14 (link) and
the detailed process was illustrated in the Supporting Information (S1). The Mn and Mw of the resultant zwitterionic copolymer were
3216 and 4237 Da, respectively, which were measured by the gel permeation
chromatography experiments at room temperature with DI water as the
mobile phase and polymethyl methacrylate as the standard. 1,3,5-Benzenetricarbonyl
trichloride (TMC, 98%, J&K Scientific), piperazine (PIP, >99%,
J&K Scientific), and polyethylene glycols (PEG, 99%) with different
molecular weights between 200 and 800 g/mol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
(China). 2,2′-Azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN, 99%), dimethyl sulfoxide
(DMSO, 99.5%), n-hexane (99.5%), sodium hydroxide
(NaOH, 99.9%), sodium chloride (NaCl, 99.9%), phosphate-buffered saline
(PBS, pH 7.4), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4, 99.9%),
bovine serum albumin (BSA, 98%, molecular weight 68 kDa), and humic
acid (HA, >90%) were obtained from J&K Scientific Ltd. (China).
Except for the TMC organic solution, all solution preparations used
Milli-Q water as the solvent.
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3

DOTA-Dendrimer-Hyaluronic Acid Nanoplatform

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Ethylenediamine core amine-terminated G5.NH2 poly(amidoamine) dendrimers with a polydispersity index (PDI) less than 1.08 were purchased from Dendritech (Midland, MI). DOTA-NHS was purchased from CheMatech (Dijon, France). HA with molecular weight of 6 k Da, sodium hydroxide, EDC, and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were purchased from J&K Chemical Ltd. (Shanghai, China). HCCLM3 cells (an HCC cell line) were obtained from the Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Shanghai, China). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), streptomycin, penicillin, and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) were obtained from Hangzhou Jinuo Biomedical Technology (Hangzhou, China). Triethylamine, acetic anhydride, HAuCl4·4H2O, and all other chemicals and solvents were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The water used in all experiments was purified by a Milli-Q Plus 185 water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA) with a resistivity greater than 18 MΩ cm. Regenerated cellulose dialysis membranes (MWCO = 14,000 or 1,000) were acquired from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA).
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4

Analytical Standards and Model Dairy Food

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Analytical standards Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and glyoxal (GO) were obtained from J&K Scientific Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China), and Yuan Ye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), respectively. The model of dairy food was prepared by sodium caseinate and d-glucose, which were purchased from West Dragon Science Co., Ltd. (Shantou, Guangdong, China). Standards of p-coumaric, ferulic, caffeic, syringic, sinapic, vanillic, and chlorogenic acids (analytical grade, ≥98%) were purchased from Shanghai Tian Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The organic reagents like acetone, methanol, and acetonitrile were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). The other reagents of gallic acid, formic acid, sodium carbonate, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate dehydrate, sodium borate, sodium hydroxide, and sodium borohydride were purchased from J&K Scientific, Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (analytical grade), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, analytical grade), and O-phenylenediamine was purchased from Source Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). DDW was prepared using a WaterPro water purification system (Labconco Corp., Kansas City, MO, U.S.A.). The baijiu vinasses were provided by a large local baijiu manufacturer.
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5

Synthesis and Analysis of Baijiu Flavors

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GO (98.0%) with a thickness of 0.7 ∼ 1.2 nm and sodium chloride (99.5%) were purchased from Yuanye Biological Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Acrylamide (AM, 99.0%), ammonium persulfate (APS, 98.0%), N, N’-methylene bisAcrylamide (MBA, 98.0%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, ≥ 96.0%), HPLC-grade dichloromethane (CH2Cl2, 99.9%), acetone (99.7%), ethyl acetate (99.9%), tetrachloromethane (CCl4, 99.5%), hexane (99.7%), and HCl solution (36.0%∼38.0%) were obtained from J&K Scientific Ltd. (Beijing, China). FeCl3·6H2O (99.5%), FeCl2·4H2O (99.95%), and ammonium solution (≥25.0% in H2O) were purchased from Aladdin Reagents Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Ultrapure water was prepared through a Milli-Q system at 18.2 MΩ (Millipore, Bedford, MA).
The standards of ethyl pentanoate, ethyl hexanoate, propyl hexanoate, butyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, and hexyl hexanoate, with purities over 99%, were purchased from J&K Scientific Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). 2H5-Ethyl pentanoate (IS1, ≥ 95%) and 2H5-propyl hexanoate (IS2, ≥ 95%) were used as isotope internal standards and obtained from Yuanye Biological Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The stock standard solutions of each compound were prepared in ethanol and stored at 4 °C until analysis. A freshly prepared ethanol–water solution at 15% alcohol by volume (ABV) was used as a synthetic model of Baijiu.
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6

Cationic Hydrogel Synthesis and Characterization

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Monomers N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA, 98 wt%), diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC, 90% solution), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS, 99 wt%), maleic anhydride (MA, 98 wt%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corporation (Shanghai, China). Initiator ammonium persulfate (APS, 99 wt%), chemical crosslinking agent triallylamine (99 wt%), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 99 wt%) were obtained from J&K Chemical, Ltd. (Beijing, China). Bentonite (sodium form) was from Weifang, Shandong. All reagents were used as received without further purification unless specified.
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7

Fabrication of PBAT Polymer Composites

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Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) with a melt index of 5 (190 °C, 2.16 kg) was supplied by BASF (Shanghai, China). Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2·6H2O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were obtained from J&K (Shanghai, China).
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8

Electrochemical Wastewater Treatment

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A Nafion-117 cation exchange membrane for separating catholyte and anolyte was manufactured by Du Pont de Nemours & Co., Ltd. (Wilmington, DE, USA). A potentiostat providing direct current (DC) power was purchased from Shanghai Chenhua Science Technology Corp., Ltd., Shanghai, China. Unless otherwise specified, all chemical reagents were acquired from commercial suppliers and utilized without further purification. Sodium persulfate (PS, ≥99.5%), carbamazepine, norfloxacin, atrazine, phonel, methanol (99%), bisphenol A (BPA), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), atrazine, sulfuric acid (H2SO4), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4, ≥99.0%), Diammonium 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS), potassium titanium (IV) oxalate, tert-butanol (TBA, 99%), and boron-doped diamond electrode (BDD) electrodes (800 ppm boron, bipolar, 1 mm coating thickness) were obtained from J&K Chemical (Beijing, China). Activated carbon fiber (ACF) electrodes and platinum-plated titanium electrodes (25 mm × 50 mm × 1 mm) were obtained from Shanxi Kaida Chemical Ltd., Lvliang, China. DC power supply was obtained from Zhejiang Sako Electrical Group Co., Ltd., Leqing, China.
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9

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomaterials

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Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB, >98.0%), tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS, GR), 5-bromosalicylicacid (>98.0%), hydrogen tetrachloroaurate trihydrate (HAuCl4∙3H2O), silver nitrate (AgNO3, >99%), sodium borohydride (NaBH4, 99%), bismuth acetate (99.5%), bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO3)3·5H2O), sodium sulfide nonahydrate (Na2S·9H2O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 96%), AA, hexamethylenetetramine, DOX, PVP, TAA and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) were purchased from J&K Scientific Ltd. (Shanghai, China) and used without further purification. 3-(4, 5)-dimethylthiahiazo-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was obtained from Sigma (cat. M2003). Fresh doubly distilled water was used to make all aqueous solutions. All relevant glassware was immersed in aqua regia and thoroughly washed with doubly distilled water, then dried in an air dry oven.
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