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7 protocols using sc 17781

1

Investigating Phosphorylation Signaling Pathways

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[4-(5-amino-4-carbamoylimidazol-1-yl)-2,3-dihydroxycyclopentyl] methyl dihydrogen phosphate (ICA-1 T) (Therachem, Jaipur, India) and 8-hydroxy-1,3,6-naphthalenetrisulfonic acid (ζ-Stat) (NSC 37044) was provided by National Institute of Health (NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA). Sterile distilled water was used as the solvent. Materials were acquired as follows; primary antibodies of PKC-ζ (sc-17781, Santa Cruz Biotech), PKC-ι (610175, BD Biosciences), p-PKC-ι (T555, 44–968 G), p-PKC-ζ (T410, PA5-17837) and E-Cadherin (701134, Thermo Fisher Scientific), Vimentin (5741S), p-Vimentin (S39, 13614S), p-Vimentin (S56, 7391S), p-Smad2 (S465/467)/Smad3 (S423/425) (8828S) and SNAIL1 (3879S, Cell Signaling Biotechnology). PRRX1 (ab211292) and p-Vimentin (S71, ab115189, Abcam). p-Vimentin (S6, ADI-KAM-CC245-E) and p-Vimentin (S33, ADI-KAM-CC246-E, Enzo Life Sciences). β-actin-peroxidase (A3854, Sigma). Enhanced chemiluminescence solution (34,080, Pierce Inc.). siRNA (human small interfering RNA) for PKC-ζ (SR321432), PKC-ι (SR321426), SNAIL1 (SR304489, OriGene Inc.) and PRRX1 (AM16708, Thermo Fisher Scientific). DPBS without Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions (Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline, D8537) and Trypsin–EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, T4049, Sigma Aldrich).
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2

SDS-PAGE and Western Blot Analysis

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SDS-PAGE gels with 10% acrylamide were made in house, and transfers were performed at 90 V for 90 min. Blots were blocked in 5% dry milk in PBS + 0.1% Tween-20 (Sigma-Aldrich) and incubated with primary antibodies overnight in 5% milk in PBS-T. The NMIIA antibody used was Poly19098 (rabbit; 909801; BioLegend), the PKCζ antibody was H-1 (mouse; sc-17781; Santa Cruz), and the NMIIB antibody CMII 23 was from the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank (mouse; deposited by G. Conrad and A. Conrad, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS). Blots were imaged using Li-Cor fluorescent secondary antibodies on the Li-Cor Odyssey CLx Blot Imager.
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3

Endothelial Cell Junction Protein Analysis

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Par3 (07-330, EMD Millipore), Par6 (ab49776 and ab6022, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), aPKCζ (sc-17781, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), p-aPKCζ–T560 (ab62372, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), p-aPKCζ–T410 (sc-12894R, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), actin (A2066, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), F-actin BODIPY 558/568 Phalloidin (B3475, Invitrogen, Life Technologies Carlsbad, CA, USA), occludin (33-1500, Invitrogen, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA), JAM-A S285 (sc-17430, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), JAM-A Y280 (600-401-GN5, Rockland Immunochemicals Inc, Limerick, PA), JAM-A (361700, Invitrogen, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA), and ZO-1 (61-7300, Invitrogen, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Secondary antibodies used for immunofluorescence were Alexa Fluor (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Dynasore (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used at 80 µM. aPKCζ pseudosubstrate (539624, Millipore-Sigma, Burlington, MA, USA) was used at 5 and 10 µM.
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4

Par-complex Binding Assay with Affinity Resins

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Amylose or glutathione resin was loaded with bacterial lysate (or his purification elutions in the case of Par-3 PDZ1-APM or Par-3 PDZ1-PDZ3 as these proteins contain COOH-terminal his tags) containing MBP-or GST-fusion protein for 30 minutes at 4° C and then washed with wash buffer three times (20 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 100 mM NaCl, 5 mM MgCl2, 0.5% Tween 20, and 1 mM DTT). Par-complex was then added to a concentration of 0.5 μM and incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature. In the case where ATP is present, ATP was used at a final concentration of 200 μM in all buffers throughout the pull down experiment and and binding reactions were carried out for 30 minutes at room temperature. Finally, beads were washed two times briefly to remove unbound Par-complex and beads were resuspended in loading dye. Samples were analyzed by SDS-Page and stained by Coomassie as well as Western Blot using α-aPKC (Mouse α-PKCζ H-1 Santa Cruz Biotech sc-17781) and rat α-Par-6.
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5

Par-3 PDZ1 Binding Assay

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Amylose resin was loaded with bacterial lysate containing MBP – Par-3 PDZ1 – APM for 30 minutes at 4° C and then washed with wash buffer (20 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 100 mM NaCl, 5 mM MgCl2, 200 μM ATP, 0.5% Tween 20, and 1 mM DTT). 2-fold serial dilutions of beads were prepared from 20 μL to 0.625 μL in a total volume of 200 μL. Par-complex was added to a final concentration of 40 nM diluted in wash buffer. After incubation for 30 minutes, beads were collected by centrifugation and an aliquot of supernatant was diluted in loading dye for western blot analysis using α-aPKC (Mouse α-PKCζ H-1 Santa Cruz Biotech sc-17781) and rat α-Par-6. The concentration of protein loaded on the beads was verified by SDS-Page using a standard curve generated with known concentrations of BSA.
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6

Western Blot Analysis of ABCB1 and Related Signaling

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For sample preparation, when the cell culture reached 80% confluence, the cells were collected and split for 40 minutes on ice, the supernatant was denatured in 5x loading buffer containing SDS in boiling water for 10 minutes. We suggest not to boil the sample after lysis when preparing protein samples for ABCB1 determination by western blot. Next, 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) dissolved in TBS containing 0.1% Tween-20 (TBST) was used for blocking and antibody dilution. The following antibodies and dilutions were used: actin (1:1,000, HC201, TransGen), CCL20 (1:1,000, AF360, R&D), p65 (1:1,000, 8242S), p-p65 (1:1,000, 3033S), p38 (1:1,000, 9212), p-p38 (1:1,000, 4631), p-PKCζ (1:1,000, 9378), ABCB1 (1:1,000, 13342S) (all from Cell Signaling Technology, USA), PKCζ (1:100, sc-17781, Santa Cruz), goat anti-mouse IgG-HRP (1:5,000, sc-2005, Santa Cruz), goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:5,000, sc-2004, Santa Cruz), donkey anti-goat IgG-HRP (1:2,000, SA00001-3, Proteintech). Western HRP Substrate (WBLUF0500, Millipore) was used to detect horseradish peroxidase–conjugated secondary antibodies.
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7

Western Blot Analysis of aPKC and AKT

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Samples were prepared by adding RIPA lysis buffer and protease inhibitor (1:100; P2714; Sigma-Aldrich) and protein concentration was determined using a BCA protein assay. Protein was loaded and run on SDS-polyacrylamide gels before being transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes. The membranes were probed with mouse anti-aPKC-ι (1:1,000; 610207; BD Biosciences), rabbit anti-aPKC-ζ (1:2,000; HPA021851; Atlas Antibodies), mouse anti-total aPKC (1:1,000; sc-17781; Santa Cruz Biotechnologies), mouse anti-AKT(pan) (1:2,000; #2920; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-phospho Ser473 AKT (1:2,000; #4060; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit-anti-Gasdermin-E (1:10,000; ab215191; Abcam), and mouse or rabbit anti-β-actin (1:10,000 [both antibodies]; #8457; Cell Signaling Technology or #3700; Cell Signaling Technology) and fluorescent secondary antibodies. Secondary antibodies included Alexa Fluor donkey anti-mouse 680 (1:10,000; A28183; Invitrogen) and Alexa Fluor donkey anti-rabbit 800 (1:10,000; A21039; Invitrogen). Total protein quantification was performed by staining membranes with Fast-Green FCF (74 (link)). All blots were scanned on a Licor Odyssey scanner and quantitation was performed using the Licor Imaging Software with target protein band intensity normalized to total protein.
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