The authentic standards of limonin and nomilin were purchased from Sigma Co. Ltd (St Louis, MO, USA). Three grams of powder of juice sacs were extracted for limonin and nomilin analysis as demonstrated by Li et al. [15 (link)]. A Soxhlet extractor (IKA-Werke GmbH and Co. KG, Staufen, German) was employed for 15 cycles of Soxhlet extraction, then the filtered solution was collected and dried by using Eppendorf 5301 concentrator (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany) at 30 °C. The dried extracts were added with 1 mL acetonitrile before HPLC analysis. 20 μL samples were determined by using the same HPLC system but separated with a C18 HPLC column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm; Agilent, Wilmington, DE, USA).
Limonin
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Limonin is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a compound used for analytical and research purposes. Limonin is a naturally occurring substance derived from citrus fruits.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Nomilin, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Naringin, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Narirutin, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Neohesperidin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Hesperidin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Didymin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Lycopene, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
β carotene, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Simvastatin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ursolic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Capsaicin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ellagic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Concentrator 5301, by Eppendorf (1 mentions)
C18 hplc column, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Poncirin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Butylated hydroxytoluene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
16 protocols using limonin
1
Limonin and Nomilin Extraction and Analysis
2
Antioxidant Compound Extraction and Analysis
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Sodium hydroxide, L‐ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), lycopene, β‐carotene, narirutin, naringin, neohesperidin, didymin, poncirin, limonin, 6′, 7′‐dihydroxybergamottin (DHB), catechin, Folin‐Ciocalteu reagent, sodium carbonate, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were procured from Sigma Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Analytical grade solvents were obtained from Fisher Scientific Research (Pittsburgh, PA, USA).
3
Optimized Protein Expression and Characterization
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Plasmid pET28b+ was purchased from Qiagen and DH5α was obtained from Invitrogen (USA). FastDigest restriction enzymes were purchased from Thermo Scientific. Ni-NTA column was purchased from GE healthcare (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden). N-Lauroyl sarcosine, Tris buffer, MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide), ellagic acid, capsaicin, dl -α-tocopherol, ursolic acid, simvastatin, limonin, citral and vanillin and other reagents were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Human liver cancer cells (HepG2), Adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549), and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) were procured from National Centre for Cell Sciences, Pune-411007, India. Fetal bovine serum (FBS), Dulbecco's modified eagle's media (DMEM), F-12K medium, antibiotic cocktail, TrypLE express cell detachment enzyme and MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) were purchased from Gibco-life technologies, Thermo Fisher Scientific (USA). BL21 Gold cells were purchased from Invitrogen. Plasmid isolation, restriction enzyme digestion, ligation and competent cell preparations were carried out following standard procedures.51 All reagents used were of molecular biology grade.
4
Analytical Standards and Reagent Preparation
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All chemicals and solvents were of analytical reagent grade and were used without any further purification protocol. Sodium acetate trihydrate was purchased from Carlo Erba Reagents Srl (Milan, Italy). Folin Ciocalteau reagent, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH⋅), sodium carbonate, acetic acid (glacial), formic acid, acetonitrile, ethanol, nylon-6, and analytical standards of narirutin, naringin, ascorbic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, glucose, fructose, sucrose, limonin, were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Chemie Gmbh (Steinheim, Germany). All reagents used have a high purity (≥95%).
Buffer acetate, pH 4.5 (0.1 M) was prepared from aqueous solutions of Sodium acetate trihydrate and acetic acid. All the solutions were prepared using ultrapure water (18 MΩ cm) obtained with a Milli-Q Gradient A10, 0.22 μm filter (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
Buffer acetate, pH 4.5 (0.1 M) was prepared from aqueous solutions of Sodium acetate trihydrate and acetic acid. All the solutions were prepared using ultrapure water (18 MΩ cm) obtained with a Milli-Q Gradient A10, 0.22 μm filter (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
5
Purifying Bioactive Compounds from Natural Sources
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Nomilin was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., obacunone was purchased from ChromaDex, and TLCA and limonin was purchased from Sigma.
6
Quantitative Analysis of Citrus Flavonoids and Limonoids
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N,N-dimethylformamide (anhydrous, 99.8%), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ascorbic acid (≥99.0%) , flavonoids analytical standard with purity ≥97.0% (neoeriocitrin, eriocitrin, narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin), limonoid aglycones analytical standard with purity ≥95.0% (limonin, nomilin), and the HPLC-grade solvents were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). N,N-dimethyl-L-proline (≥95.0%) was purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Analytical-grade water (resistivity ≥18 MΩ cm) and all other solvents and reagents of analytical grade were obtained from Carlo Erba Reagents (Milan, Italy).
7
Culturing Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines
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SKOV-3 and A2780, human ovarian cancer cell lines of serous histology, and RMUG-S, a human ovarian cancer cell line of mucinous histology, were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, MD, USA) and the Japanese Collection of Research Bioresources Cell Bank (Osaka, Japan), respectively. The serous-type cell lines, SKOV-3 and A2780, were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 medium (Welgene, Kyungsan, Republic of Korea) containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin–streptomycin (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), and the mucinous-type cell line, RMUG-S, was cultured in DMEM/F12 (Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin–streptomycin in a humidified incubator at 37 °C with 5% CO2.
A water extract of ER was obtained from the National Development Institute of Korean Medicine (Kyungsan, Republic of Korea), and synephrine and limonin were purchased from ChemFaces (Wuhan, China). DMSO (Sigma–Aldrich) was used to dissolve the ER extract, synephrine, and limonin.
A water extract of ER was obtained from the National Development Institute of Korean Medicine (Kyungsan, Republic of Korea), and synephrine and limonin were purchased from ChemFaces (Wuhan, China). DMSO (Sigma–Aldrich) was used to dissolve the ER extract, synephrine, and limonin.
8
Purification and Characterization of Naringinase
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Naringinase from Aspergillus aculeatus/Aspergillus niger (Novozyme NS 33117) was kindly donated by Novozyme. Naringin (≥95% HPLC), limonin (>90% HPLC), p-nitrophenyl-α-l -rhamnopyranoside (pNPR), and p-nitrophenyl-β-d -glucoside (pNPG) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Santiago, Chile. Acetonitrile, octyl-sepharose 4 Fast Flow, butyl-sepharose 4 Fast Flow, and sodium metaperiodate were purchased from Merck, Santiago, Chile. All other chemicals were of analytical grade. Grapefruits were purchased from the local market.
9
Biochemical Reagents Procurement Protocol
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Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), quercetin, ursolic acid, capsaicin, limonin, ellagic acid, simvastatin, DL-α tocopherol acetate, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were procured from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Ni-NTA resin was bought from Thermo Scientific (USA). BIOMOL® Green reagent was bought from Enzo (New York, USA). All other reagents used were of analytical grade.
10
Novel Antileishmanial Formulations
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Propantheline bromide (CAS #50-34-0), limonin (CAS #1180-71-8), nomilin (CAS #1063-77-0), azadirachtin (CAS #11141-17-6), cryptolepine hydrate (CAS #480-26-2), glycyrrhizin (CAS #1405-86-3), and oleanolic acid (CAS #508-02-1) were purchased at Sigma Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA) and were used as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) for new formulations. Meglumine antimoniate (MA) (Sanofi-Aventis Bogotá, Colombia) was used as a reference antileishmanial drug.
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