Glucose g8270

Materials: Glucose (G8270) and the 800 Da branched polyethylenimine (408719) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Saccharose (131621) was purchased from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). The 2000 Da branched polyethylenimine (06089) was purchased from Polysciences (Warrington, PA, USA) and the 5000 Da branched polyethylenimine (Lupasol G100) was purchased from BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). The seeds of cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. “Bellpuig”) were purchased from Semillas Fitó (Barcelona, Spain).

Cocoa bean shells (CBSs), originally from cocoa plantations in the Andean region in Colombia, by Casa Luker S.A. (Caldas, Colombia), were collected after the harvesting, fermentation, and drying of cocoa beans. The samples were stored at room temperature in closed polypropylene re-closable zip bags. PLA 2003D TDS provided by Nature Works LLC (Minnetonka, MN, USA) was used as a polymeric matrix for the composite fabrication. Sodium chloride (NaCl, 99.9%) was obtained from PanReac AppliChem (Darmstadt, Germany). Vero cells (CCL-81) were acquired from ATCC^® (Manassas, VA, USA). Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and trypsin EDTA were obtained from Biowest (Riverside, MO, USA). Triton X-100, ethanol (99.5%), methanol (99.8%), benzene (99.8%), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄, 98%), ascorbic acid (99%), Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS), thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 99%), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), glucose G8270 (99.5%), and xylose X1500 (99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). DPPH free radical was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).

Human interferon alpha 2a (11100) was purchased from PBL assay science. Glucose (G8270), chloroquine (C6628), insulin (I-034), and rapamycin (R8781) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. MHY1485 (S7811) and AICAR (S1802) were purchased from Selleck Chemicals.