The MgONPs and bulk MgO were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma) Chemical Co. The crystalline structure and morphology of the MgONPs were observed by TEM (JEM-2100, JEOL, Japan) and SEM (S-570, Hitachi, Japan), respectively. The MgONPs were suspended in an excess amount of ethanol (100%), mounted on TEM copper grids and scanned at 200 kV. The particle size distribution and zeta potential of the MgONP dispersions were evaluated using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano Series (Malvern, United Kingdom).
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