Trabecular bones in each group were powdered to micron-sized particles using an electric grinder (Bosch Mkm 6000), and seven samples were prepared. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES; 1.15 kW, 27 MHz; IRIS Intrepid, Thermo Electron Corporation, USA) was used for quantitative chemical analyses [37] . The user-friendly Quick Quant scan-based procedure was used to compare the intensities for measured elements in the samples with the intensities measured for standards with known concentrations. Calibration curves were calculated, and the concentrations of the measured elements in the samples were determined.
Iris intrepid
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States
The IRIS Intrepid is a laboratory equipment product that serves as a spectroscopic instrument. It is designed to provide accurate and reliable measurements for various analytical applications.
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5 protocols using iris intrepid
1
Elemental Analysis of Trabecular Bone
2
Comprehensive Waste Characterization Protocol
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The water contents and VS of the waste were determined by weight method using a drying oven and a muffle furnace. Elements of C, H, and N were analyzed using an Elemental Analyzer CE440 (Exeter Analytical, Inc., USA). Elements of P, K, and heavy metals listed in Table 1 were analyzed through inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES, IRIS intrepid, Thermo Electron Co., USA). Concentrations of CH 4 and CO 2 were monitored in situ (20 cm beneath the surface to avoid air interference) by using a biogas analyzer (Geotech Biogas 5000, Shanghai Zhonglin Co., China). The release rates of NH 3 were measured by using a static chamber technique and a multiple gas analyzer (Dräger X-am 7000, Drägerwerk AG & Co., Germany). The trace compounds in gaseous emissions were analyzed by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) system (Agilent 7890A-5975C, Agilent Technologies, Inc., USA). The germination test was carried out and the germination index was calculated according to the method reported by Roca-Pérez et al. (2009) . The temperatures and pH were monitored routinely.
3
Characterization of Rhodium Nanowires
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All electrochemical experiments were conducted on an electrochemical workstation P4000 (Princeton Applied Research, Bervyn, PA, USA) equipped with Pt mesh counter electrode and Ag/AgCl (3 M KCl) reference electrode. The morphologies of Rh nanowires were observed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM, Hitachi S-4800, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan) operated at proper accelerating voltages. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed using DX-2600 (Fangyuan, Dandong, China) X-ray diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation source. ICP-AES was IRIS Intrepid (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA). The linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was conducted with a Pine rotating disk electrode system (Pine Instruments Company, Grove City, PA, USA). High resolution TEM (HRTEM) and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) were conducted on a JEOL-2100F transmission electron microscope (JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Tokyo, Japan) at an acceleration voltage of 200 kV. SHIMADZU 2550 UV-Vis spectrophotometer (SHIMADZU Corp., Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan) was used to collect UV-Vis spectra.
4
Assessing Cu2+ Ion Release from 317L Stainless Steel
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In order to quantitatively determine the amount of Cu2+ ions released from the 317L-Cu SS in a biological environment, the disc samples were immersed in physiological saline solution (0.9% NaCl solution with pH =7.4). The ten samples containing 3 mL of physiological saline solution were placed in a 37°C incubator for 5 days, 10 days, 20 days, 30 days, 40 days, 60 days, and 80 days, respectively. Afterward, an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (IRIS Intrepid; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) was used to quantify the amount of Cu2+ ions released from samples in the collected physiological saline solutions.
5
Copper Detection in Callus and Serum
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Callus Cu2+ detection was carried out by an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (IRIS Intrepid; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). In this measurement, callus tissues with the same weight were collected from each group, and then ground into homogenized tissue fluid for Cu2+ detection.
Serum Cu2+ detection has been explained in our previous article.27 (link) In detail, blood was collected into procoagulant tubes by enucleation and then centrifuged at 4,000 rpm for 10 min after blood coagulation. Subsequently, the supernatant was transferred to new centrifuge tubes and the concentration of Cu2+ was determined according to the instructions of QuantiChrom™ Cu Assay Kit (BioAssay Systems, Hayward, CA, USA).
Serum Cu2+ detection has been explained in our previous article.27 (link) In detail, blood was collected into procoagulant tubes by enucleation and then centrifuged at 4,000 rpm for 10 min after blood coagulation. Subsequently, the supernatant was transferred to new centrifuge tubes and the concentration of Cu2+ was determined according to the instructions of QuantiChrom™ Cu Assay Kit (BioAssay Systems, Hayward, CA, USA).
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