Zinc sulfate heptahydrate znso4 7h2o

Similar to our previous work,30 ZnO-SnO₂ photocatalyst nanoparticles were obtained through co-precipitation method.29 As starting materials, Zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO₄•7H₂O, 99%, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and tin chloride pentahydrate (SnCl₄•5H₂O, Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), and as participant agent without purification, Ammonium hydroxide solution (NH₄ OH, 25%, Merck) was used. ZnSO₄•7H₂O and SnCl₄•5H₂O in the molar ratio 2:1 were dissolved in the least required amount of deionized water. The 1:1 (v/v) NH₄ OH solution was introduced in a drop wise manner to bring pH to about 7 under hard stirring. White precipitate was formed slowly during the reaction and it was filtered; while no SO₄²⁻ and Cl⁻ were found in filtrates the white precipitate continued to be washed.4 25 29 Then the wet precipitate was dried at 100°C overnight and finally it was calcinated at 350°C for 2 hours.
Mixing ZnO-SnO₂ coupled oxide and granular AC (Vazin Carbon, Isfahan, Iran) with a particle size between 20–40- mesh sizes in an aqueous suspension with nonstop stir for 12 hours, led to creation of AC/ZnO-SnO₂ catalysts. The mixture was filtered and dried at room temperature. In order to create the composite catalysts of ZnO-SnO₂ coupled oxide immobilized on the AC, the solid materials were calcinated at 300°C for 2 hours. The catalysts have been shown as AC/ZnO-SnO₂ (a weight ratio of 13%).

Optima LC-MS grade acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from Fischer Scientific (Pittsburg, PA, USA) and ultra-pure water was obtained with an Arium Pro UV Water Purification System (Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, Göttingen, Germany). Formic acid was purchased from Honeywell Fluka (Seelze, Germany). Ammonium acetate and zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO₄·7H₂O) were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)