The two-hit assay has been performed [as described previously (19 (
link))] with minor modifications. In brief, 10
5 PBMCs were cultured in 200 μl RPMI supplemented with
Penicillin/Streptomycin (100 U/ml),
L-glutamine (2 mM), 10 mM
HEPES buffer (all Gibco), 7.5%
human serum (Sigma Aldrich) and 5 ng/ml of recombinant IL-7 (Sigma-Aldrich) in 96-U bottom plate. Cells were stimulated or left unstimulated with two
Mtb antigens PPD (1μg/ml), ESAT6/CFP10 fusion protein (E6/C10; 1 μg/ml) and four latency antigens (i.e., Rv1733, Rv2628, Rv2031, and Rv3407; 1μg/ml). E6/C10 as well as the
Mtb latency antigens are recombinant proteins produced in the laboratory of K. Franken and have been thoroughly used in previous studies (18 (
link), 19 (
link), 24 (
link)). Samples were then incubated for 6 days at 37°C and 5% CO
2. On the sixth day, 100 μl of culture supernatants were discarded and samples were re-stimulated with the respective
Mtb antigens (same concentrations as on d1) and
Brefeldin A (3.75 μg/ml) (Sigma Aldrich) in reconstituted in fresh medium for 20 h. Afterwards, cells were then fixed, permeabilized and stained with the following panel of antibodies: CD3 APC (clone UCTH1),
CD4 PerCP/Cy5.5 (clone RPA-T4), IFNγ PE (clone B27) and TNF-α FITC (clone Mab 11) (all BioLegend). Cells were measured as described above.
Adankwah E., Lundtoft C., Güler A., Franken K.L., Ottenhoff T.H., Mayatepek E., Owusu-Dabo E., Phillips R.O., Nausch N, & Jacobsen M. (2019). Two-Hit in vitro T-Cell Stimulation Detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in QuantiFERON Negative Tuberculosis Patients and Healthy Contacts From Ghana. Frontiers in Immunology, 10, 1518.