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6 protocols using las af v 3 1 0 build 8587

1

Immunohistochemical Profiling of Liver Regeneration

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The cryosections were stained with antibodies to hepatocyte-specific marker cytokeratin 18 (CK18), cholangiocyte-specific protein CK19, smooth muscle cell-specific protein α-SMA, the endothelial cell marker CD31, or the active fibroblast marker FAPα. All of the primary antibodies were obtained from Abcam and used in 1:100 dilutions as recommended by the manufacturer and followed by FITC-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:200, Abcam); cell nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Sigma-Aldrich Co LLC). Expression of the cell type-specific proteins was meticulously sought out in MSCs identified within regenerating liver tissue by PKH26 label. The observations were done using Leica DM 4000 B fluorescent microscope with LAS AF v.3.1.0 build 8587 software (Leica Microsystems CMS GmbH, Germany).
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2

Immunofluorescence Assay for Ki-67

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UC MSCs seeded samples were treated with Hanks’ Balanced Salt solution (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), fixed by 4% paraformaldehyde (5 min) and by cold methanol (1 min), and stained with antibodies ab15580 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) against proliferation marker Ki-67 according to manufacturer’s recommendations. The second type of antibodies was PE-conjugated sc3739 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). The observations were carried out with the use of a Leica DM 4000 B fluorescent microscope and LAS AF v.3.1.0 build 8587 software (Leica Microsystems GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany).
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3

Cell Visualization and Quantification on Polymer Films

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For cell visualization and cell count on the surface of polymer films, UC-MSCs were labeled with fluorescent red-orange vital dye PKH26 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) before seeding the scaffolds according to the manufacturer’s protocol. This protocol uses proprietary membrane labeling technology to incorporate a yellow-orange fluorescent dye with long aliphatic tails (PKH26) into lipid regions of the cell membrane [62 (link)]. The appearance of labeled cells may vary from bright and uniform to punctate or patchy, depending on the cell type being labeled and the extent to which membrane internalization occurs after labeling [63 (link)]. Cell nuclei were counterstained by Hoechst 33,342 (5 mg·mL−1, ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) within 10 min.
The observations were carried out with the use of a Leica DM 4000 B fluorescent microscope and LAS AF v.3.1.0 build 8587 software (Leica Microsystems GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany).
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4

Macrophage Activation Evaluation Protocol

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The measurements were made at 24 h after the macrophage activation. Expression of distinctive proteins of the activated macrophages was evaluated using antibodies to CD68 (1:100, Abcam, UK), iNOs (1:100, Abcam), Arg1 (1:100, Abcam), and CD206 (1:100, Santa Cruz, USA), in combination with FITC-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:200, Abcam); the nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Sigma-Aldrich). The evaluation was carried out by using a Leica DM 4000 B fluorescent microscope and LAS AF v.3.1.0 build 8587 software (Leica Microsystems, Germany).
The total number of cells and the number of cells positively stained with the corresponding antibody were counted in the slides. The index reflecting the proportion of positive cells was calculated as the ratio of stained cells to the total number of cells. For each point, not less than 100 cells were counted. The index is expressed in %.
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5

Histological Assessment of Surgical Implants

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Formalin‐fixed specimens were dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, and cut using a manual microtome. The sections, 5–7 μm thick, were stained with H&E. Morphometric study was conducted using Leica DM 4000 B microscope with LAS AF v.3.1.0 build 8587 software (Leica Microsystems) at ×400 magnification images. The measured variables included:

Filament diameter (for mesh implants) or thickness (for Permacol), based on at least 100 measurements per group per time‐lapse after surgery;

Number of foreign‐body giant cells in the transplantation area, at the borderline between the mesh and surrounding tissues, based on at least 100 fields of view per group per time‐lapse after surgery;

Number of nuclei per one foreign‐body giant cell based on at least 50 cells per group per time‐lapse after surgery.

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6

Immunochemical Characterization of Transplanted Tissue

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A set of markers selected for immunochemistry included macrophage‐specific CD68 (ab125212, Abcam), М2 activated macrophage‐specific CD206 (sc‐34577, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), collagen type I (RAQ C11, Imtek, Russia), smooth muscle actin (αSMA) (ab5694, Abcam), skeletal muscle‐specific troponin I (sc‐15368, Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Cryosections were stained with antibodies according to recommendations of the manufacturers. Morphometric study was conducted using Leica DM 4000 B microscope with LAS AF v.3.1.0 build 8587 software (Leica Microsystems) at ×400 magnification images. Relative counts of CD68+ and CD206+ cells within the transplantation area were calculated for at least 100 fields of view per group per time‐lapse after surgery.
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