Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were created with RigakuUltima VI diffractometer using Cu-Kα radiation. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) were recorded on Perkin Elmer Frontier spectrometer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was analyzed by means of a JEM-6701F and equipped with an Oxford INCA PentaFET-x3 EDS system. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) was performed by NETZSCH STA 409PC. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra were analyzed using a PerkinElmer LS55 fluorescence spectrophotometer for solid samples. UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was analyzed using a Shimadzu UV-3600 with MPC-3100. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed with Thermo Scientific ESCALAB 250Xi XPS. N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms were operated on V-Sorb 2800TP.
Sta 409 pc
Manufactured by Netzsch
Sourced in Germany
The STA 409 PC is a simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) instrument that can perform thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. It is designed to accurately measure changes in a material's mass and heat flow as a function of temperature or time under controlled atmospheric conditions.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
S 4800, by Hitachi (7 mentions)
Escalab 250xi, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (6 mentions)
Nicolet is50, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (6 mentions)
D8 advance, by Bruker (3 mentions)
Su8010, by Hitachi (3 mentions)
Tensor 27, by Bruker (3 mentions)
Dsc 200 f3, by Netzsch (2 mentions)
Tecnai g20, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
D max 2550 5, by Rigaku (2 mentions)
Oca20, by Dataphysics (2 mentions)
Axs d8 advance, by Bruker (2 mentions)
Jsm 7401f, by JEOL (2 mentions)
Asap 2020, by Micrometrics (2 mentions)
D max 2500, by Rigaku (2 mentions)
Jsm 7800f, by JEOL (2 mentions)
Jem 2100ex, by JEOL (2 mentions)
Lsm 710, by Zeiss (2 mentions)
Mpc 3100, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Escalab 250xi xps, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Frontier spectrometer, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
71 protocols using sta 409 pc
1
Comprehensive Characterization of Materials
2
Melting Point and Resistivity of Composite Solder
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The melting point of composite solder was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC, Netzsch STA409PC, Selb, Germany). The total weight of the DSC sample was about 15 mg, which was heated to 260 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C/min. The electrical resistivity ρ of the composite solders was calculated via the formula ρ = (0.017241/electrical conductivity) × 100%. The electrical conductivity test was carried out via a portable Sigma 2008B1 conductivity tester (Sigma, Saint Louis, MO, USA). An as-sanded specimen with dimensions of φ 20 mm × 30 mm was used in the test. A total of five points on the end face were measured for each composite solder specimen.
3
Thermal Property Analysis of Films
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Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were performed to understand the thermal properties. The TGA measurement was carried out using a TGA (STA 409 PC, Netzsch, Selb, Germany), and ~10 mg film specimens were tested at a heating rate of 10 °C/min in a temperature range of 30 to 600 °C under a nitrogen flow of 20 cm3/min. The maximum disintegration temperature was determined from differential thermogravimetry (DTG) curves [54 (link)]. The DSC was observed using a TA instrument (DSC200 F3, Netzsch) at a heating rate of 10 °C/min in a temperature range of 20 to 350 °C under a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
4
Characterization of Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles
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The dopant concentration was probed via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS, Link Pentafet, 7426, Oxford Instruments) by irradiating a (10 × 10) μm2 sample area at 10 kV. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were performed on an X’Pert Pro diffractometer from Panalytical Instruments (Cu Kα radiation) at an acceleration voltage of 40 kV and emission current of 30 mA. XRD data were collected in θ–2θ geometry in the range of 20°–80° in step scan mode (0.008° step size). N2-physisorption experiments were carried out at 77 K using a Quantachrome Autosorb instrument. Prior to the measurements, the samples were degassed in a vacuum at 120 °C. For thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), a QMG421 mass spectrometer system (Balzers) combined with a Netzsch STA409PC thermal analyzer were used. Specifically, 10 mg vacuum-dried (24 h) TiO2 powder was heated to 800 °C at a rate of 5 °C/min in an oxygen/argon (20:80) atmosphere. The optical properties of nanoparticles were determined by measuring the light absorption spectra of diluted dip-coating solutions (~ 6 mg/mL) using a UVIKON XS spectrophotometer equipped with 3 mL cuvettes.
5
Comprehensive Characterization of Modified Encapsulated Phase Change Material
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To verify
the chemical structure and study the composition of the prepared MEPCM,
the following techniques and methods were used. The surface morphology
of the MEPCM was observed after coating with gold with the help of
scanning electron microscopy (S-4800, Hitachi, Japan) at an accelerated
voltage of 20 kV. The sample was subjected to a micron lamellar specimen
using a focused ion beam (FIB) (Helios Nanolab G3 CX, FEI), and the
element mapping was analyzed by an energy-dispersive spectrometer
(EDS). The composition of the MEPCM was analyzed by Fourier transform
infrared (FT-IR) spectra. In a typical procedure, samples were mixed
with KBr to make pellets. FT-IR spectra in the absorbance mode were
recorded using an FT-IR spectrometer (TENSOR 27, Bruch GmbH, Germany).
The thermal stability of the MEPCM was studied using a thermal gravimetric
analyzer (STA 409 PC, NETZSCH Group, Germany) in the temperature range
from 20 to 800 °C under air at a flow rate of 20 mL/min and at
a heating rate of 10 °C/min. The thermodynamic properties (phase-change
and heat storage capacity) of MEPCM were investigated by the differential
scanning calorimeter instrument (DSC, Mettler-Toledo, TGA/DSC 1) at
a heating or cooling rate of 10 °C/min in a flow of argon. X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, ESCALAB250XI, Thermo Fisher Scientific)
was used to measure the binding energy of the Al and O atoms.
the chemical structure and study the composition of the prepared MEPCM,
the following techniques and methods were used. The surface morphology
of the MEPCM was observed after coating with gold with the help of
scanning electron microscopy (S-4800, Hitachi, Japan) at an accelerated
voltage of 20 kV. The sample was subjected to a micron lamellar specimen
using a focused ion beam (FIB) (Helios Nanolab G3 CX, FEI), and the
element mapping was analyzed by an energy-dispersive spectrometer
(EDS). The composition of the MEPCM was analyzed by Fourier transform
infrared (FT-IR) spectra. In a typical procedure, samples were mixed
with KBr to make pellets. FT-IR spectra in the absorbance mode were
recorded using an FT-IR spectrometer (TENSOR 27, Bruch GmbH, Germany).
The thermal stability of the MEPCM was studied using a thermal gravimetric
analyzer (STA 409 PC, NETZSCH Group, Germany) in the temperature range
from 20 to 800 °C under air at a flow rate of 20 mL/min and at
a heating rate of 10 °C/min. The thermodynamic properties (phase-change
and heat storage capacity) of MEPCM were investigated by the differential
scanning calorimeter instrument (DSC, Mettler-Toledo, TGA/DSC 1) at
a heating or cooling rate of 10 °C/min in a flow of argon. X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, ESCALAB250XI, Thermo Fisher Scientific)
was used to measure the binding energy of the Al and O atoms.
6
Characterization of LTO Battery Powders
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Phase identification of the as-prepared and heat-treated LTO powders was conducted with an X-ray diffractometer (XRD, model: X'Pert Pro from Philips) using CuKα radiation. In addition, Rietveld analysis was performed by using high-resolution XRD data. The morphology and microstructure were studied using a Zeiss Supra 55VP SEM and a Tecnai Osiris TEM. FTIR spectra of the LTO powders were registered using ATR technique within a range of 400–4,000 cm−1 using Fourier infrared spectrometer Spectrum 65 made by Perkin Elmer. Thermogravimetric (TGA) TG thermal analyser (Netzsch STA 409 PC). The specific surface area of the prepared sample was calculated from the adsorption isotherm of nitrogen at 77 K based on the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method (model: Belsorp max). XPS was performed with a PHI Quantera SXM. The elemental analysis ICP–OES was performed on spectrometer Activa Horiba Jobin Yvon
7
Polymer Characterization by Advanced Techniques
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GPC was conducted using a single detection gel permeation chromatograph (Waters 1515, Waters, USA) using tetrahydrofuran as the mobile phase and polystyrene as the standard. The flow rate was set to 1 mL min−1, and the testing temperature was maintained at 35 °C. The molecular weight range was determined to be between 1.26 × 103 and 3.85 × 106 g mol−1.
Viscosity was measured using an NDJ-8S viscometer at 25 °C, in accordance with the GB/T21059-2007 standard.
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted in the temperature range of 25 to 800 °C using a thermal analyzer (STA 409 PC, NETZSCH, Germany) under a N2 atmosphere with a flow rate of 20 mL min−1. The sample size was set to 5–10 mg, and the heating rate was 10 K min−1.
Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was conducted in the temperature range of −120 °C to room temperature (+20 °C) using a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA 242) in the tensile mode. The testing frequency was set to 1 Hz, and the heating rate was 5 K min−1.
Viscosity was measured using an NDJ-8S viscometer at 25 °C, in accordance with the GB/T21059-2007 standard.
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted in the temperature range of 25 to 800 °C using a thermal analyzer (STA 409 PC, NETZSCH, Germany) under a N2 atmosphere with a flow rate of 20 mL min−1. The sample size was set to 5–10 mg, and the heating rate was 10 K min−1.
Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was conducted in the temperature range of −120 °C to room temperature (+20 °C) using a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA 242) in the tensile mode. The testing frequency was set to 1 Hz, and the heating rate was 5 K min−1.
8
Thermal Analysis of Microneedle Components
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Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC; NETZSCH, STA 409PC) was used to look at how components of the microneedles interacted with each other. The operational conditions were as follows: heating rate of 5 °C/min, from 30 °C to 270 °C, with the flow rate of N2 of 50 mL/min. An empty pan was used as a reference.
9
Thermal Analysis of Microneedle Components
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Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC; NETZSCH, STA 409PC) was used to look at how components of the microneedles interacted with each other. The operational conditions were as follows: heating rate of 5 °C/min, from 30 °C to 270 °C, with the flow rate of N2 of 50 mL/min. An empty pan was used as a reference.
10
Thermogravimetric Analysis of Catalyst Deposition
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Thermogravimetric analysis was performed on a NETZSCH STA 409PC apparatus to measure the carbon deposition on the solid catalysts, which was conducted under air flow from 100 °C to 800 °C at a rate of 10 °C min−1. Before the test, the solid catalysts were separated by magnetic attraction and dried at 110 °C for 24 h in the vacuum oven.
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