Dipotassium phosphate

Plain gold (Au) Surface Sensor chips were purchased from Reichert Technologies Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA.
Celite®, chloroform, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dipotassium phosphate, dimethylformamide (DMF), ethanolamine, N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'ethylcarbodiimide (EDC), N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), palladium acetate, potassium chloride (KCl), sodium chloride, Tween 20, and tributylamine were all purchased and used without purification from Fisher Scientific UK Ltd, Loughborough, UK.
Bovine haemoglobin (BHb), bovine serum albumin (BSA), N-hydroxymethylacrylamide (NHMAm, 48% w/v), N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAm), phosphate buffered saline tablets (PBS, 10 mM, pH 7.4±0.2), potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]), potassium peroxydisulfate (KPS), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), and trypsin were all purchased and used without purification from Merck Life Science UK Ltd, Dorset, UK. 5-Iodo-2'-deoxyuridine was purchased from LGC LINK (Bellshill, Lanarkshire, Scotland).
Buffers were prepared in ultra-pure water (UPW, 18.2 MΩ cm -1 ) and filter sterilised (0.2 µm).

Acrylic acid (AA), 3-aminopropyltrimethyloxy-silane (APTMS), ammonium persulfate (APS), ciprofloxacin, 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), glutaraldehyde (GA), glycine, moxifloxacin,
, and tetramethylethyldiamide (TEMED), were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Poole, Dorset, UK).
Acetone, acetonitrile (dry), dipotassium phosphate, disodium phosphate, ethanolamine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), methanol, potassium chloride, sodium hydroxide and Tween 20 were all purchased from Fisher Scientific UK (Loughborough, Leicester, UK).
Glass beads (75 µm diameter) were purchased from Microbeads AG, (Brugg, Switzerland) and used as found.
All chemicals and solvents were analytical quality or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade and were used as found without further purification.
Skimmed Milk was purchased from Tesco Ltd and used fresh, while the river water was collected from the River Soar on the 5 th August 2021 at co-ordinates 52°37'51.2"N 1°08'32.7"W.

DeMan, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) broth (Hardy Diagnostics) supplemented with 1% ribose (Sigma Aldrich Inc.) was used to prepare working cultures of Pa. wasatchensis by incubation at 30°C for 4 d. A carbohydrate-restricted MRS (CR-MRS) was also prepared as described previously (McMahon et al., 2020) (link) using 10 g of protease peptone No. 3 (EMD Chemicals Inc.), 10 g of beef extract (Becton Dickinson), 5 g of yeast extract (Becton Dickinson), 5.0 g of sodium acetate (Sigma Aldrich Inc.), 1.0 g of Tween-80, 2.0 g of ammonium citrate (Sigma Aldrich Inc.), 2.0 g of dipotassium phosphate (Fisher Scientific), 0.1 g of magnesium sulfate (Fisher Scientific), and 0.05 g of manganese sulfate (Avantor Performance Materials Inc.) made up to 1 L using distilled water. This CR-MRS plus 0.5% of either sodium gluconate (Tokyo Chemical Industry Ltd.), sodium lactate (Sigma Aldrich Inc.), xylose (Sigma Aldrich Inc.), or ribose was used for determining the growth of Pa. wasatchensis strains in different substrates. For gas production studies, CR-MRS plus 1% mixtures containing gluconate and ribose at 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70 ratios were used. For studying gas production with gluconate as the only substrate, CR-MRS plus 0.4% to 1.0% gluconate was used.