Analytical grade reagents were used to prepare all solutions. Sulfuric acid (98 wt%) was acquired from Vetec®, hydrochloric acid (37 wt%) were purchased from Dinâmica®; isopropyl alcohol (99.5 wt%), sodium periodate (99.8 wt%), monoethylene glycol (99 wt%), sodium hydroxide (>97 wt%) and potassium hydroxide (>97 wt%) were purchased from Neon. Absolute methanol (99.95 wt%), absolute ethanol (99.95 wt%), THF and ammonium hydroxide (99.8 wt%) were acquired from Merck®. lauric acid (99.8 wt%), Candida antarctica Lipase A (CAL-A) recombinant from Aspergillus oryzae, and 4 Å molecular sieves were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich®. Lipozyme 435 and lipozyme TLIM were purchased from Novozyme®, and Soya® soybean oil was acquired at local market.
Sulfuric acid
Manufactured by Vetec
Sourced in Brazil
Sulfuric acid is a highly corrosive, colorless, and dense liquid. It is a strong mineral acid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Vetec (3 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Vetec (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Dinâmica (1 mentions)
Isopropyl alcohol, by Dinâmica (1 mentions)
Absolute methanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Molecular sieves 4, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Lauric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ammonium hydroxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Absolute ethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide pa, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium chlorite, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethanol, by Vetec (1 mentions)
Nitric acid, by Vetec (1 mentions)
Dichloromethane, by Vetec (1 mentions)
Ethyl iodide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Benzoyl peroxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ketoconazole, by Vetec (1 mentions)
Acetic anhydride, by Vetec (1 mentions)
Polyvinyl alcohol (pva), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
8 protocols using sulfuric acid
1
Enzymatic Biodiesel Production from Soybean Oil
2
Pulp Delignification Reagents
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The reagents used were glacial acetic acid (> 99.85%, Sigma-Aldric), sulfuric acid (> 96%, Vetec), ethanol (> 95% vol, Vetec), sodium chlorite (> 80%, Sigma-Aldrich) and sodium hydroxide P.A (98%, Merck).
3
Bentonite Clay Pillaring and Acid Modification
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Bentonite from Alto Valle (Neuquen, Argentina) was used as the starting material. This clay mineral has shown a cation exchange capacity of 0.89 meq·g−1 [27 (link)]. The AlCl3·6H2O and NaOH produced by J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA) were used to prepare the pillaring solution. The natural and pillared interlayered clays (PILC) were treated with sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 98 wt %), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37 wt %) and nitric acid (HNO3, 65 wt %) (Vetec, Duque de Caxias, Brazil). Samples of fatty acid from castor oil (FACO) were supplied by Miracema-Nuodex (Campinas, Brazil). This acid contains the following composition: ricinoleic acid (C18:1-OH12) 85.4 wt %, linoleic acid (C18:2) 6.6 wt %, oleic acid (C18:1) 5.3 wt %, palmitic acid (C16:0) 1.5 wt % and stearic acid (C18:0) 1.2 wt %. The calculated mean molar mass of FACO was 295.62 g mol−1. 2-ethylhexanol (EH) was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Commercial 3A zeolite was obtained from Grace (Columbia, MD, USA) in a spherical shape. The particle sizes, obtained by the Tyler/mesh procedure, were between 1.68 and 2.38 mm. The gases employed were He (Air Liquide 99.99%), N2 (Air Liquide 99.9999%), Ar (Air Liquide 99.99%) and NH3 (Air Liquide 99.9%).
4
Ketoconazole-Loaded Polymeric Films
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The reagents used for the films and incorporation with ketoconazole were sodium hydroxide (NaOH), acetic anhydride (CH3COOCOCH3), acetic acid (CH3COOH), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), commercial ketoconazole, and dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), purchased from Vetec. Poly (vinyl alcohol) (average mol wt 30,000–70,000), ethyl iodide (CH2CH3I), chloride sodium (NaCl), benzoyl peroxide, methyl methacrylate (MMA), and distilled water were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The copolymers PMMA-g-PEG 4000 and derivatives were synthesized by our research group and published in scientific journals [19 (link),20 (link),21 (link),22 (link),23 (link)].
5
Melanoma Cell Cytotoxicity Assay
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Briefly, 5-fluorouracil (Nanjing Wellchem Enterprise, Nanjing, China), chondroitin sulfate (Summit Nutritionals International™, Lebanon, NJ, USA), sodium deoxycholate (Sigma-Aldrich, São Paulo, Brazil), hydroxypropyl-methyl-cellulose (Methocel™ F4M—Sigma-Aldrich, São Paulo, Brazil), mucin Type II (Mucin from porcine stomach, Sigma-Aldrich, São Paulo, Brazil), sulfuric acid (Vetec Química Fina Ltda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), and methanol (Merck, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, high-performance liquid chromatographic-grade) were used in these studies. MTT reagent (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (Sigma Aldrich Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA). Epithelial human melanoma cell lines (A2058 (ATCC® CRL-11147™) and A375 (ATCC® CRL-1619™ All)), donated by prof. Dr. José Alexandre Barbuto—USP Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tumor Immunology Laboratory (São Paulo, Brazil). All chemicals used were of pharmaceutical grade.
6
Analytical-Grade Reagents for Solution Preparation
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
For the preparation of solutions, ultrapure water (type I water) was utilized alongside analytical-grade reagents, including sodium hydroxide (Neon, Suzano, SP, Brazil); ammonium hydroxide (Vetec, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil); gelatin powder (Dinâmica, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil); copper acetate (Êxodo, Sumaré, SP, Brazil); hydrochloric acid (Vetec, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil); and sulfuric acid (Vetec, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil) for the preparation of some solutions. Alcoholic solutions were prepared using ethanol (Dinâmica, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil) combined with aluminum chloride (Dinâmica, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil); ferric chloride (Proquímios, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil); quinine hydrochloride (Dinâmica, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil); and vanillin (Dinâmica, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil). Solvents such as hexane (Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany); methyl alcohol (Vetec, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil); and acetone (CRQ Química, Diadema, SP, Brazil) were also employed. Phytochemical screening utilized metallic magnesium shavings (Dinâmica, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil); dried botanical material lavender and wormwood (Produtos Melvina, Goiânia, GO, Brazil); and oregano and sage (Produtos Gizele, Brasília, DF, Brazil), along with commercially procured bar soap.
7
Phytochemical and Antioxidant Assays
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
We purchased 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), acetone, acetonitrile, citric acid, DPPH, ferrous-ion-o-dianisidine, Folin–Ciocalteu phenol reagent, formic acid, gallic acid, hydrochloric acid, methanol, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2-phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt (NADPH), ultrapure phenolic standards, 4-amino-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (Purpald), sodium acetate, superoxide dismutase determination kit, 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ascorbic acid, boric acid, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, hydrogen peroxide, potassium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and sulfuric acid were obtained from Vetec (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil). Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, 3-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid, and myricetin were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). HA, PCA, VA, isovanillic acid (iVA), ellagic acid, FA, and kaempferolwere purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). The kit to analyze urine creatinine was purchased from Labtest Diagnóstica S.A. (Lagoa Santa, MG, Brazil).
8
Optimizing Pectin Hydrolysis Conditions
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
A commercial citrus pectin with a high degree of esterification (67.0%) was purchased (Vetec, Brazil) . Sulfuric acid (Vetec, Brazil) was employed in the acid hydrolysis and a polygalacturonase (Sigma-Aldrich, St. louis, US, e.C.3.2.1.15), with an enzymatic activity of 1.32 UI per mg of enzyme, was used in the enzymatic hydrolysis, the value of enzymatic activity was confirmed experimentally (data not shown).
In order to refine the conditions for pectin hydrolysis and maximize the yield of reducing compounds (RCs), two independent variables (defined separately for each hydrolysis method) were evaluated using a full 2 2 experimental design (rotational central composite design -RCCD), with three central points (level 0) and four axial points (levels ± α, where α = 1.4142), totaling 11 experiments. This experimental design model, it allows a greater comprehension of the parameters tested, minimizing the experiments number. The experiments were performed randomly, and the data were analyzed using Statistica 8.0 software (StatSoft, Dell Software, US), with a 95.0% confidence level. The experimental error was obtained from the mean and standard deviation of the central points. The software calculate an empirical model described by equation, through the experimental data, allowing prediction of the experimental value at any point within the study area.
In order to refine the conditions for pectin hydrolysis and maximize the yield of reducing compounds (RCs), two independent variables (defined separately for each hydrolysis method) were evaluated using a full 2 2 experimental design (rotational central composite design -RCCD), with three central points (level 0) and four axial points (levels ± α, where α = 1.4142), totaling 11 experiments. This experimental design model, it allows a greater comprehension of the parameters tested, minimizing the experiments number. The experiments were performed randomly, and the data were analyzed using Statistica 8.0 software (StatSoft, Dell Software, US), with a 95.0% confidence level. The experimental error was obtained from the mean and standard deviation of the central points. The software calculate an empirical model described by equation, through the experimental data, allowing prediction of the experimental value at any point within the study area.
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!