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16 protocols using agilent cary 630 ftir

1

Purification and Characterization of Natural Compounds

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Diaion HP-20 resin (Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), Sephadex LH-20 gel (GE Healthcare, Stockholm, Sweden), silica gel (230–400 mesh, Merck, Kenilworth, MA, USA), and LiChroprep RP-18 gel (40–63 mm, Merck) were used for open CC. Fractions were monitored by TLC analyses on silica gel 60 F254 (Merck) and RP-18 F254S (Merck) plates. MPLC (Teledyne Isco, Lincoln, NE, USA) was used for further fractionation with pre-packed Redi Sep-Silica (12 g, 24 g, 40 g, Teledyne Isco) and Redi Sep-C18 cartridges (26 g, 43 g, 80 g, Teledyne Isco). Preparative HPLC was performed using a HPLC purification system (1525 pump and PDA 1996 detector, Waters Corp., Milford, MA, USA) with a Gemini NX-C18 110A (250 × 21.2 mm i.d., 5 μm, Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA) or YMC-pack ODS-A columns (250 × 20.0 mm i.d., 5 μm, YMC Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan). UV and FT-IR spectra were recorded using OPTIZEN UV–Vis and Agilent Cary 630 FT-IR (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) spectrophotometers, respectively. Optical rotations were measured using a JASCO P-2000 polarimeter; NMR spectra were acquired by JEOL (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) at 500 MHz; and HR-DART-MS spectra were obtained by the DART ion source (Ionsense, Tokyo, Japan) coupled to an AccuTOF-TLC (JEOL). Finally, the circular dichroism spectra were measured by a Chirascan-plus spectrometer (Applied Photophysics Ltd., Leatherhead, UK).
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2

ATR-FTIR Analysis of Viral Interactions

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The samples were recorded in an ATR-FTIR spectrometer (Agilent Cary 630 FTIR, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The diamond unit in the ATR platform performs an internal-reflection element to record the fingerprint infrared signature at the 1800 cm−1 to 800 cm−1 regions. The samples were prepared using lectins ConBR and DVL at 8 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL, respectively, and the VSV-eGFP-SARS-CoV-2-S at 1.4 × 107 FFU/mL. A volume of 3 μL of each sample was inserted directly on the diamond cell and dehydrated to remove water functional groups for 10 min using airflow until each sample formed a thin dry layer on the ATR-crystal [60 (link),61 (link)]. The spectra were then recorded (2 cm−1 resolution, 64 scans). The second derivative spectra were created based on original data plotted in the Origin Pro 9.8.0.200 (OriginLab, Northampton, MA, USA) software and adjusted using the Savitzky–Golay algorithm with polynomial order 2 and 20 points of the window [62 (link),63 (link)].
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3

Spectroscopic Characterization of Samples

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The instrument used for ultraviolet (UV) and fluorescent (FL) analysis was a BioTek microplate reader (Bio-Rad, Winooski, VT, USA). The software used for collecting the UV and FL data was the Gen5™. An Agilent Cary 630 FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer (Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA) was used for the IR spectra of the diamond module (solid) or transmission module.
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4

Spectroscopic Analysis of Ravenelin

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The mass spectrum was obtained in negative ion mode using an Acquity tandem quadrupole detector (TQD) (Waters, Milford, MA, USA) mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source (ESI). The 1D and 2D NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Ascend 400 (Bruker, Fällanden, Switzerland). Ravenelin was solubilized in acetone-d6 to record NMR spectra. The chemical shifts are given in delta (δ) values and the coupling constants (J) in Hertz (Hz), and the solvent signal (acetone-d6) was used as reference. The IR spectrum was obtained on an Agilent Cary 630 FTIR (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA).
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5

Functional Group Analysis of Sorbents

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The measurement of functional group characteristics on the sorbents was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR, Agilent Cary 630 FTIR, Agilent Technology, Santa Clara, CA, USA). FT-IR analyses of adsorbents were conducted within the wavenumber range of 650–4000 cm–1 in the attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mode with scanning number of 100 and 0.9 cm−1 scanning resolution. Furthermore, to analyze minute changes in the functional groups of the sorbents, the XPS signals for N1s and Cl2p of the PVC and PEI-PVC were analyzed via XPS (X-TOOL, ULVAC-PHI, Kanagawa, Japan).
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6

ATR FT-IR Analysis of Freeze-Dried SCF

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A small amount of freeze-dried SCF sample was analyzed using an ATR FT-IR spectrophotometer (Agilent Cary 630 FTIR, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The spectrum wavelength was recorded from 600–4000 cm−1 at a resolution of 4 cm−1 with 64 scans [14 (link)].
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7

FTIR Analysis of Oleogels and Spreads

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The FTIR spectra of oleogels and spreads were acquired with Agilent Cary630FTIR (Agilent Technologies, Chelmsford, MA, USA) equipped with ATR Diamond sampling module. Samples were taken directly (consecutively, one by one) from the fridge and placed on the FTIR. Background sampling was undertaken and then spectra were scanned in the 4000–600 cm−1 wave number range with a resolution of 16 cm−1 and 64 scans. Spectra were analyzed with Origin PRO8 software (OriginLab, Northhampton, MA, USA).
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8

ATR-FTIR Analysis of Self-Nanoemulsifying Tablets

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ATR-FTIR was performed to detect the drug-excipients interaction during the formulation of self-nanoemulsifying tablets exploiting the 3D printing technique. The ATR-FTIR spectra were obtained for the pure drug, placebo, and drug-loaded self-nanoemulsifying tablets using an ATR-FTIR spectrometer (Agilent Cary 630 FTIR, Agilent Technologies, Danbury, CT, USA). A small amount (10 mg) of the sample was taken and analyzed between 400–4000 cm−1 to assess the chances of any interactions between drug and formulation excipients [23 (link)].
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9

FTIR Characterization of Pectin Samples

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The final dry pectin samples, obtained from the acid extractions with the three organic acids in this study, as well as the reference commercial pectin, were analysed by IR spectrometry using an Agilent Cary 630 FTIR (Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA) in a wavenumber range between 400 and 4000 cm−1 over 32 scans with a resolution of 4 cm−1. In addition, an ATR sampling technique was used on a single rebound diamond crystal.
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10

Protein Secondary Structure Analysis

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All lyophilised protein samples obtained from Section 2.2 were sent to an attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrometer (Agilent Cary 630 FTIR, Agilent Technologies, USA) for protein secondary structure characterisation. Spectrum of each sample within the range of 600–4000 cm−1 was recorded after 64 scans with a resolution of 4 cm−1, in which the amide I region (1700–1600 cm−1) underwent further deconvolution by OriginPro software (OriginPro, Version 2023b. OriginLab Corporation, Northampton, MA, USA.), under the function of Gaussian curve fitting [26] (link). The proportion of each secondary structure α-helix (1650–1660 cm−1), β-sheet (1610–1640 & 1670–1680 cm−1), β-turn (1660–1670 & 1680–1700 cm−1), and random coil (1640–1650 cm−1) was calculated from the relative integrated areas of each component peak.
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