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6 protocols using ki 67

1

Gastric Cancer Cell Lines: Culture and Evaluation

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Human gastric cancer cell lines HGC-27 and AGS were purchased from Procell Life Science and Technology Ltd. Gastric cancer cells HGC-27 and AGS were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and RPMI 1640, respectively, supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin solution in a 37°C cell incubator with 5% CO2.
DMEM and RPMI 1640 medium were purchased from HyClone (USA). TAS-102, FTD and CTS were obtained from TargetMol (China), and their purity was greater than 98%. Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 and cell cycle analysis kit were obtained from Beyotime (China), and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining cell apoptosis detection kit was purchased from KeyGEN BioTHCE (China). Primary antibodies included BrdU, Cyclin B1, Cyclin D1, Caspase 3, Caspase 9, Bcl-2, Survivin, phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) (Thr202/Tyr204) and ERK, p-AKT (Ser473) and AKT, p-STAT3 (Tyr705) and STAT3 (Cell Signaling Technology), p-JAK2 (Tyr221) and JAK2, GAPDH, β-actin (Affinity), MPM-2 (Abcam), IL-6 and Ki-67 (Wanleibio). Secondary antibodies horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit/mouse IgG and Cy3 labeled goat anti-mouse IgG were from ZSGB-Bio (China) and Abclonal (China), respectively.
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2

Protein extraction and Western blot analysis

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The total protein was extracted using cell lysis buffer. Protein samples were separated by 6−10 % SDS-PAGE and then blotted on a PDVF membrane (Millipore). Membranes were blocked in 5 % non-fat milk diluted by TBST and incubated the following antibodies overnight at 4 °C:DEC2 (1:1000, Proteintech), NR2F1 (1:1000, Proteintech), p27 (1:500, HUABIO), Ki67(1:500,Wanleibio), FASN (1:1000, Proteintech), CPT1A(1:1000, Proteintech), DGAT1(1:1000, Zenbio), DGAT2 (1:500 Cohesion Bioscience), HMGCR(1:1000, Zenbio), ACAT1(1:1000, Zenbio), GAPDH (1:5000, SAB signaling). After incubating anti-rabbit or anti-mouse secondary antibody, immunoblots were visualized by using chemiliminescence (ECL) reagent (Beyotime Biotechnology) and ChemiDoc XRS+System (Bio-Rad).
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3

Protein Expression Analysis Protocol

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48h after transfection, cells were collected and lysed using a RIPA lysis buffer that contained the protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) and phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) (Roche). Cell protein lysates that contained 50μg protein were electrophoresed on 10% or 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel, and then transferred onto 0.22mm or 0.45mm PVDF membrane (Millipore, Bedford, MA). Then, the membranes were incubated in blocking solution (5% non-fat milk) for 1.5 hour at room temperature (RT) and incubated with specific primary antibodies at 4°C overnight. The following antibodies were used in this study: GAPDH (Sigma, G9545); ACTB (Beyotime, AA128); Cleaved Caspase-3 (Wanleibio, WL02348); Ki-67 (Wanleibio, WL01384a); GADD45A (Sigma, WH00016 47M1).
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4

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Tumor Tissue

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Tumor segments were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde overnight at 4°C and subsequently embedded in paraffin. The segments were then sectioned to a thickness of 4 μm. Dewaxing procedures were followed by blocking non‐specific sites with a 5% BSA solution for 1 h. Subsequently, the sections were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies against Ki‐67 (Wanleibio, Shenyang, China) or PLIN3 (Proteintech, Wuhan, China) and washed with PBS. EnVision+/HRP/Rb (DAKO, Glostrup, Denmark) was applied for 1 h at 37°C. The segments were then covered with 3,3′‐Diaminobenzidine (3,3′‐DAB, Maxim, Fuzhou, China) for 5 min and counterstained with hematoxylin for 30 s. Finally, sections were photographed with a TE2000‐U camera (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Expression

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Proteins were extracted using RIPA buffer (Solarbio, Beijing, China) containing 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (Solarbio). Protein concentration was determined using the Bradford method (Solarbio). Equal amounts of proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred onto a PVDF membrane (Merck, Germany). After blocking with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 h, the membranes were incubated with primary antibodies against CCND2 (1:500, Proteintech, Wuhan, China), PCNA (1:1,000, Proteintech), Ki-67 (1:500, Wanleibio, Shenyang, China), p-ERK1/2 (1:300, Wanleibio), p-p38 (1:750, Wanleibio), p-JNK (1:300, Wanleibio), MMP9 (1:1,000, Wanleibio), MMP2 (1:500, Wanleibio), α-SMA (1:500, Wanleibio), GAPDH (1:1,000, Proteintech) and β-tubulin (1:1,000, Proteintech) at 4°C overnight. After washing with TBST, the membranes were then incubated with goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody (dilution at a 1:20,000, Wanleibio) at 37°C for 2 h. Signal was visualized by ChemiDocTM MP Imaging System (BIO-RAD, California, USA). The experiment was repeated at least three times.
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6

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Colon Tissue

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Paraffin-embedded slides from colon tissue were firstly deparaffinized using dimethyl benzene and graded ethanol, then blocked with 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA), and stained with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C as follows: Ki67, F4/80, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) (1:200; Wanlei Biotechnology, Liaoning, China). This was followed by staining with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibodies for 20 min. Sections were dyed with diaminobenzidine (DAB) substrate color liquid after washing. Images were analyzed using Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software (Media Cybernetics, MD, USA).
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