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3 protocols using ab86379

1

Immunohistochemical Evaluation of SFRP2 Expression

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The 5 µm thick sections were prepared from the formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tissues (3 NHP and 23 CD). IHC staining was performed as previously reported (12 (link)). Specific primary antibody against SFRP2 (dilution 1:200; cat. no. ab86379; Abcam) was used. All the IHC slides were evaluated by two pathologists (Department of Pathology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai, China). The staining intensity was graded as follows: No staining, 0; weakly positive, 1; moderately positive, 2; and strongly positive, 3. The staining percentage was graded as follows: 0–25% staining, 1; 26–50% staining, 2; 51–75% staining, 3; and 76–100% staining, 4. The immunoreactive score was calculated as intensity of the staining multiplied by the percentage of positive cells, which was then categorized as low (0–6) and high (7 (link)–12 (link)) expression.
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2

Quantifying Nuclear and Cytoplasmic β-catenin

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For determining β-catenin levels in the nucleus and cytoplasm, nuclear, and cytoplasmic protein fractions of DP cells were extracted using a NE-PER Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Extraction Kit (78835; Pierce Biotechnology, United States). Total protein from DP cells, following H19 transient transfection, and dorsal skin tissues from nude mice were also extracted. The BCA method was applied for quantifying protein concentration. RIPA buffer was used to lyse cells and tissues and SDS-PAGE was conducted to separate the cellular or tissue proteins. Antibodies and dilutions used were as follows: GAPDH (Abcam, ab9485, United States, 1:5000), TBP (CST 8515S, United States, 1:1000), β-catenin (Abcam, ab32572, United States, 1:1000), DKK1 (Abcam, ab109416, United States, 1:1000), Kremen2 (Abcam, ab156007, United States, 1:1000), sFRP2 (Abcam, ab86379, United States, 1:1000), Wnt3a (1:1000, 09-162, Millipore), and LRP6 (1:1000, orb373345, Biorbyt). Bands were visualized with SuperSignalTM West Femto Maximum Sensitivity Substrate (34095, Thermo Fisher Scientific) and a Universal Hood II gel imaging and image lab 3.0 analysis system (Bio-Rad, United States).
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3

Visualizing Synovial Nerve Fibers and Macrophages

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Synovial tissues and DRGs were dissected and immersed into 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 4 h. Then explants were embedded in O.C.T. compound (Tissue-Tek, 4583) frozen next to a cryoprotection in a solution of 20% sucrose overnight in room temperature. For immunofluorescent staining, the ankle joint specimens were sagittally sectioned to obtain free-floating 50-μm-thick slices for a better vision of nerve fibers in synovial tissue of ankle joint, while DRG explants were sectioned to regular 3.5-μm-thick slices and both stained for β-III-Tubulin (Cell Signaling Technology, D71G9, 1:400), sFRP2 (Abcam, ab86379, 1:100) in Eppendorf tube. For staining of M1/M2 macrophages in synovial tissue, 3.5-μm-thick slices were obtained for CD16/32 (Abcam, ab25235, 1:20), CD206 (Abcam, ab64693, 1:100) and hematoxylin and eosin staining.
Zeiss LSM710 confocal microscope was used for confocal imaging of samples at an original magnification ×40 and Zen software.
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