L-Orn, α-KG, 2-aminobenzaldehyde, dimethyl sulphoxide, isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside, pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxamine (PM), pyridoxal (PL) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 1,8-anilino-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANS) was purchased from Molecular Probes. Growth media and additives were purchased from Gibco. PEGylated bis (sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate [BS (PEG) 5] was purchased from ThermoFisher. All other chemicals were of the highest purity available.
Pyridoxine
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, Italy, United Kingdom
Pyridoxine is a chemical compound used in laboratory settings. It is a form of vitamin B6 and plays a role in various metabolic processes. Pyridoxine is used as a standard for analytical and research purposes.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Riboflavin, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Thiamine, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Hepes, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Nicotinic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (5 mentions)
Niacin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Pantothenic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Catechin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
P coumaric acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ferulic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Nahco3, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
L glutamine, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Nicotinamide, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Formic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Pyridoxamine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Betaine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ampicillin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
35 protocols using pyridoxine
1
Protein Labeling and Characterization
2
Pyridoxine Supplementation in Diabetes
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Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine, Sigma) was prepared daily and administrated in drinking water at concentration (4 mg/kg body weight) to C + Vit B6 and D + Vit B6 groups for four weeks after STZ-injection.
3
Mass Spectrometry Metabolite Analysis
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LC–MS-grade acetonitrile (ACN), LC-grade methanol (MeOH), formic acid, perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHA), ascorbic acid, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 0.1 M, hydrochloric acid (HCl), tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), dithiothreitol (DTT), and ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Buchs, Switzerland). Deionized water (R > 18 ΩM/cm, TOC < 10 ppb) was used throughout the experiments and produced by a Millipore-Q water system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
HA, taurine, serine, cystine, glycine, homocystine (HCy2), riboflavin, methionine, pyridoxine, cystathionine, SAH, pyridoxamine, SAM, DMG, choline, betaine, 5-MTHF, taurine-13C2, glycine-d2, riboflavin-dioxopyrimidine-13C415N2, and methionine-d3 standards were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH.
HA-d4, serine-d3, pyridoxine-d2, cystathionine-d4, SAM-d4, DMG-d6, choline-d9, and betaine-d11 were purchased from CDN Isotopes (Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada). cystine-d4, homocystine-d8, and pyridoxamine-d3 were purchased from Cambridge Isotopes Laboratories (Andover, MA, USA). SAH-d4 was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). 5-MTHF-13C5 was purchased from Merck (Schaffhausen, Switzerland).
HA, taurine, serine, cystine, glycine, homocystine (HCy2), riboflavin, methionine, pyridoxine, cystathionine, SAH, pyridoxamine, SAM, DMG, choline, betaine, 5-MTHF, taurine-13C2, glycine-d2, riboflavin-dioxopyrimidine-13C415N2, and methionine-d3 standards were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH.
HA-d4, serine-d3, pyridoxine-d2, cystathionine-d4, SAM-d4, DMG-d6, choline-d9, and betaine-d11 were purchased from CDN Isotopes (Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada). cystine-d4, homocystine-d8, and pyridoxamine-d3 were purchased from Cambridge Isotopes Laboratories (Andover, MA, USA). SAH-d4 was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). 5-MTHF-13C5 was purchased from Merck (Schaffhausen, Switzerland).
4
Fungal Growth and Development Protocols
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The A. nidulans strains used in this study are listed in Table 1 . Fungal strains were grown on solid or liquid minimal media with 1% glucose (MMG) [47 (link)]. For auxotroph mutants, uridine (Acros Organics, USA), uracil (Acros Organics), and pyridoxine (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) were supplemented in the media. Sexual media (SM) was used to induce sexual development [48 (link)]. To observe developmental phenotypes, the strains were point inoculated in solid MMG or SM and cultured at 37°C for 5-7 days. For sterigmatocystin extraction, the strains were cultured in liquid complete media (CM) at 30°C for 7 days. To collect fresh conidia, each strain was incubated in solid MMG at 37°C for 2 days. For amplification of the plasmid used to generate the complemented strains, Escherichia coli DH5α (Enzynomics, Korea) cells were grown in a Luria–Bertani medium (BD Difco, USA) with ampicillin (100 μg/ml) (Sigma-Aldrich).
5
Analytical Methods for Vitamins and Nutrients
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Deionized water (18 Mω·cm) from a Millipore Milli-Q (Bedford, MA, USA) water purification system was used to prepare all aqueous solutions. Standard for retinyl esters, cholecalciferol, α-tocopherol acetate, menadione, thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, niacin and pantothenic acid were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Fluka, Sigma–Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany). The methanol and acetonitrile of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade were used for HPLC analysis and were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburg, PA, USA). All the other chemicals used were analytical grade and purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent LTD (Beijing, China).
6
Pyridoxine Injection Regimen in Rats
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400 mg/kg pyridoxine (Sigma, Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, France) or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally into each rat, twice daily (morning between 7–8 am and afternoon between 4–5 pm) for 7 days as previously described [26] (link), [27] (link). 400 mg/kg is equivalent to approximately 57 mg/kg in clinical dosing when converted to an equivalent surface area dose in humans. The current tolerable upper intake of vitamin B6 is around 100 mg per day in humans in the US [33] (link). The pyridoxine was formulated at 50 mg/ml in sterile 0.9% sodium chloride, prepared immediately before injection.
7
Identification of Molecular Features
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All reagents and solvents that were used in this work were of analytical grade or higher. A Milli-Q System (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) was employed to obtain the water for the solutions. Acetonitrile, formic acid, and methanol were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Madrid, Spain).
To identify the molecular features selected, the standards: L-argininosuccinic acid lithium salt, creatine monohydrate, 5′-deoxy-5′-(methylthio)adenosine, L-homophenylalanine hydrochloride, 3-indoleacryltae, L-kynurenine, leucine, N-methyl-L-phenylalanine hydrochloride, nicotinamide, pyridoxine, spermine, and valine were acquired from Sigma Aldrich (Madrid, Spain).
To identify the molecular features selected, the standards: L-argininosuccinic acid lithium salt, creatine monohydrate, 5′-deoxy-5′-(methylthio)adenosine, L-homophenylalanine hydrochloride, 3-indoleacryltae, L-kynurenine, leucine, N-methyl-L-phenylalanine hydrochloride, nicotinamide, pyridoxine, spermine, and valine were acquired from Sigma Aldrich (Madrid, Spain).
8
Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds
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Gallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, m-coumaric acid, o-coumaric acid, quercitrin, myricetin, resveratrol, morin, quercetin, naringenin, apigenin, vanillic acid, kaempferol, formic acid, thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (B6), biotin (B7), folic acid (B9), cobalamin (B12), ascorbic acid, linolenic acid (F), tocopherol (E), menadione (K3), menaquinone (K2), phylloquinone (K1), cholecalciferol (D3), retinol (A), retinoic acid, and butylated hydroxytoluene were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetonitrile, methanol, tetrahydrofuran, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade water were purchased from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). All other chemicals and solvents were of analytical reagent grade.
9
Vitamin-Mediated Control of Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi
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Thiamine hydrochloride (Daejung Chemicals & Metals Co., Ltd., Siheung, Korea), nicotinic acid sodium salt (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), pyridoxine hydrochloride (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) and menadione sodium bisulfite (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) prepared in distilled water were applied for treatment with thiamine, niacin, pyridoxine and menadione, respectively. Different concentrations of the four vitamins (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 mM) were supplemented in 4 ml of CPG broth for R. solanacearum in vitro cultures and in 10 ml of dipping solution for protection assay of the detached tomato leaves. Same concentrations of the four vitamins were added in 1/4 potato dextrose broth and 1/2 PDA for in vitro conidial germination and mycelial growth of B. cinerea, respectively. Different vitamin solutions prepared in distilled water foliar-sprayed onto the tomato seedlings one day before B. cinerea inoculation.
10
Comprehensive Metabolomics Sample Preparation
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Methanol, acetonitrile, perchloric
acid (PCA), trichloroacetic
acid (TCA), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), (2-bromoethyl)
trimethylammonium bromide, dimethylformamide (DMF), 3-(trimethylsilyl)propionic
acid-2,2,3,3-d4 sodium salt (TSP) were
all obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). 4-(4,6-Dimethoxy[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium
chloride (DMTMM) was obtained from Acros Organic (Pittsburgh, PA),
while 15N-phthalimide potassium and deuterium oxide were
obtained from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Andover, MA). All chemicals
were used without further purification. Pooled human serum sample
was obtained from Innovative Research, Inc. (Novi, MI). Deionized
(DI) water was purified using an in-house Synergy Ultrapure Water
System from Millipore (Billerica, MA). Centrifugal filters (3-kDa
cutoff; Amicon Microcon, YM-3) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Standard compounds used for spiking and confirming the peak assignments
were 1-methylhistidine, 2-hydroxybutyrate, 2-hydroxyisocaproate, 2-hydroxyisovalerate,
2-oxocaproate, 3-methylbutyrate, 3-methylhistidine, 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate,
arginine, benzoate, betaine, carnitine, citrulline, dimethylglycine,
pyridoxine, pyroglutamate, ornithine, sarcosine, serine and succinate
(all from Sigma-Aldrich).
acid (PCA), trichloroacetic
acid (TCA), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), (2-bromoethyl)
trimethylammonium bromide, dimethylformamide (DMF), 3-(trimethylsilyl)propionic
acid-2,2,3,3-d4 sodium salt (TSP) were
all obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). 4-(4,6-Dimethoxy[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium
chloride (DMTMM) was obtained from Acros Organic (Pittsburgh, PA),
while 15N-phthalimide potassium and deuterium oxide were
obtained from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Andover, MA). All chemicals
were used without further purification. Pooled human serum sample
was obtained from Innovative Research, Inc. (Novi, MI). Deionized
(DI) water was purified using an in-house Synergy Ultrapure Water
System from Millipore (Billerica, MA). Centrifugal filters (3-kDa
cutoff; Amicon Microcon, YM-3) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Standard compounds used for spiking and confirming the peak assignments
were 1-methylhistidine, 2-hydroxybutyrate, 2-hydroxyisocaproate, 2-hydroxyisovalerate,
2-oxocaproate, 3-methylbutyrate, 3-methylhistidine, 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate,
arginine, benzoate, betaine, carnitine, citrulline, dimethylglycine,
pyridoxine, pyroglutamate, ornithine, sarcosine, serine and succinate
(all from Sigma-Aldrich).
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