The following reagents were purchased from Merck (Merck KGaA, Gernsheim, Germany) and used without any further purification: barium acetate (99.999% trace metals basis) Chemical Standard Service (CAS) no. 543-80-6, sodium hydroxide (reagent grade, ≥98% anhydrous) CAS no. 1310-73-2, titanium (IV) isopropoxide (99.999% trace metals basis) CAS no. 546-68-9, 2-propanol (analytical standard, anhydrous) CAS no. 67-63-0, oleic acid (≥99%) CAS no. 112-80-1. To overcome any contamination of our BTO samples, only deionized water (resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm measured at 25 °C) was used in all preparation steps.
Titanium 4 isopropoxide
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
Titanium(IV) isopropoxide is a chemical compound used as a precursor in the synthesis of titanium-based materials. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic odor. The compound is commonly used in the production of thin films, coatings, and other ceramic materials.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (12 mentions)
2 propanol, by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Ammonium hydroxide, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Nitric acid, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (5 mentions)
N n dimethylformamide (dmf), by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Tetraethyl orthosilicate, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Isopropyl alcohol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Isopropanol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Chitosan, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
3 aminopropyltriethoxysilane, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Zirconium 4 propoxide, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
1 4 benzenedicarboxylic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Succinic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
103 protocols using titanium 4 isopropoxide
1
Synthesis of Barium Titanate Nanoparticles
2
Titanium-based Photocatalytic Dye Degradation
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The plant compounds (Ocimum sanctum leaf) were obtained from the Tiruchirappalli local market in Tamilnadu, India. Double distilled water was used to treat the raw material of titanium (IV) isopropoxide (Merck 99% purity). Methylene blue (MB) solution was obtained from Loba Chemicals in Mumbai, India. The rest of the chemicals and reagents were of high-grade analytical quality.
3
Synthesis of Protein-Functionalized Hydrogels
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Methacrylic acid (99%) (MAA), titanium (IV) isopropoxide (97%) and zirconium (IV) propoxide in n-propanol (70 wt.%) were purchased from Merck and n-propanol from Alfa Aesar and were used as received. Acrylamide (Aam), 1-ethyl-3-(-3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), Lysil-lysine (Lys-Lys), Methacrylic acid (MAA), N-tert-butylAcrylamide (TBAm), N,N′-methylene bisAcrylamide (BIS), N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl ethylenediamine (TEMED), ammonium persulfate (APS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Tris (hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane (TRIS), sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium monohydrogen phosphate, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, Tween-20, 3-Aminopropyl)Triethoxysilane, acetonitrile, acetic acid, ethanol, were from Sigma–Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). The proteins human serum transferrin (HTR), horseradish peroxidase (HRP), trypsin were from Sigma–Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). A 40% w/w APS stock solution was freshly prepared prior to polymerization.
4
Surfactin-mediated Copper Nanoparticle Synthesis
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Titanium(IV) isopropoxide, hydrochloric acid, Triton X, rhodamine B and copper chloride were purchased by Merck Life Science S.r.l. (Milano, Italy). Sodium surfactin was provided by AmbrosiaLab (Ferrara, Italy). All the reagents were used without further purification.
5
Synthesis of Metal-Organic Frameworks
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Zinc nitrate hexahydrate
(≥99% purity), 2-methylimidazolate (Hmim, 99% purity), dipotassium
phosphate (≥98% purity), 1-methylimidazole (96% purity), potassium
dihydrogen phosphate (≥99% purity), glutaraldehyde solution
(25% in H2O), titanium(IV) isopropoxide (TIPO, ≥97%
purity), tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS, 98% purity), Pluronic P123,
and poly(styrenesulfonate) sodium salt (PSS) were purchased from Aldrich
Chemical Co. Unless noted otherwise, all chemicals were used without
further purification.
(≥99% purity), 2-methylimidazolate (Hmim, 99% purity), dipotassium
phosphate (≥98% purity), 1-methylimidazole (96% purity), potassium
dihydrogen phosphate (≥99% purity), glutaraldehyde solution
(25% in H2O), titanium(IV) isopropoxide (TIPO, ≥97%
purity), tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS, 98% purity), Pluronic P123,
and poly(styrenesulfonate) sodium salt (PSS) were purchased from Aldrich
Chemical Co. Unless noted otherwise, all chemicals were used without
further purification.
6
Organometallic Synthesis Protocol
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Titanium(IV) isopropoxide (Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 4-chlorobenzoic acid (Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 3-nitrobenzoic acid (Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 3,3-dimethylacrylic acid Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), and 9-fluorenecarboxylic acid (Organic Acro, Geel, Belgium) were purchased commercially and were used without further purification. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was distilled before using. Standard Schlenk techniques were used for synthesis under an inert gas atmosphere.
7
Magnesium Alloy Surface Pretreatment
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AZ31 (3 wt.% Al, 1 wt.% Zn, 0.3 wt.% Mn) and ZE41 (4 wt.% Zn, 1 wt.% RE, 0.7 wt.% Zr) magnesium alloys were obtained as extruded rods (Magnesium Elektron Company, UK). (3glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (≥98% GPTMS, Aldrich), titanium IV iso-propoxide (≥97% TIP, Aldrich), acetylacetone, and 2-propanol (≥99.5% ACS reagent, Sigma-Aldrich) were analytical grade. The metallic coupons were cut into discs ( 25 mm x 3 mm thick) and sequentially polished from 180 up to 1000 SiC grit papers. A surface pre-treatment by immersion in 12% HF (puriss p.a., Sigma-Aldrich) was performed to promote the formation of a layer of MgF2 [25] (link). The 12% HF pre-treated alloys were denoted as AZ31 and ZE41. All pre-treated samples were thoroughly washed with ethanol (≥ 96%, Sigma-Aldrich) and dried with air stream.
8
Synthesis and Characterization of Thin Films
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The chemicals in this study were used as purchased: titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TTIP, 97%), nitric acid (HNO3, 65%), aluminum isopropoxide (>98%, Aldrich). All reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 96% ethanol was purchased from ChimMed, Russia. All aqueous solutions were prepared by using highly pure water from Millipore Elix (15 MOm/cm3). Soda-lime glass plates were used as substrates (microscope slides 26 mm × 76 mm, Paul Marienfeld, Germany). Polymeric substrate are pre-cut A4 PET film sheet (ChimMed, Russia). Indium tin oxide coated glass slide, rectangular 15–25 Ω/sq, slide (Aldrich). Substrates were sonicated in USI bath, rinsed with isopropanol, and dried in a flow of air.
9
Synthesis and Characterization of Dye-Adsorbing Nanomaterials
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Polyethylene glycol with average molecular weight 200 (PEG) (Sigma-Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA, P3015), copper(II) nitrate (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, 0140630), L-cysteine (Sigma-Aldrich, W326305), ammonium citrate dibasic (Fluka Analytical, 09831), ascorbic acid (Merck, F971227), zinc nitrate (Merck, CC396733), titanium(IV) isopropoxide (Aldrich Chemistry, 87560), isopropyl alcohol (Merck, 1.09634) and sodium chloride (Fluka, S9888), reagents of analytical grade, were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich. The dye references were: Methyl Orange (Fluka, 68250), Orange II sodium salt (Aldrich, 195235), Reactive Black 5 (Sigma-Aldrich, 306452) and Remazol Brilliant Blue R (Sigma, R8001), acquired from Sigma-Aldrich. The chemical structures of the dyes are shown in Figure 1 .
A typical real textile effluent was obtained from a textile dying and printing industry located in Barcelos (Portugal), with the following features: COD, 339 ± 9 mg O2/L; turbidimetry, 57.7 ± 0.3 NTU; pH, 8.66 ± 0.01; conductivity, 4.61 ± 0.01 mS/cm; chloride anion, 100 mg/L; carbonates, >356 mg/L. Moreover, optical microscopy analysis of the raw textile effluent showed the presence of a considerable number of textile fibers, microplastics and microorganisms (raw effluent is a mixture of industrial effluent and sanitary sewage).
A typical real textile effluent was obtained from a textile dying and printing industry located in Barcelos (Portugal), with the following features: COD, 339 ± 9 mg O2/L; turbidimetry, 57.7 ± 0.3 NTU; pH, 8.66 ± 0.01; conductivity, 4.61 ± 0.01 mS/cm; chloride anion, 100 mg/L; carbonates, >356 mg/L. Moreover, optical microscopy analysis of the raw textile effluent showed the presence of a considerable number of textile fibers, microplastics and microorganisms (raw effluent is a mixture of industrial effluent and sanitary sewage).
10
Synthesis of V-Doped TiO2-Based Catalysts via Sol-Gel
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TiO2, TiO2–ZrO2, TiO2–CeO2 and TiO2–CeO2–ZrO2 supports were prepared via sol–gel method as follows: titanium(IV) isopropoxide (Aldrich, 98%), as precursor, with anhydrous ethanol (Aldrich, 98%), as solvent, was chemically modified by adding acetylacetone (Fluka, 99%) according to a molar ratio acetylacetone/Ti = 1 in order to control hydrolysis and condensation reaction rates. This solution was maintained for 1 h under stirring. To obtain mixed oxides, cerium nitrate (Aldrich, 99.5%) or/and zirconium acetylacetonate (Aldrich, 98%) were added to titanium isopropoxide according to molar ratios Ce/Ti = 0.1 and Zr/Ti = 0.1. Homogenous gels are obtained by hydrolysis and condensation after HNO3 supply. The amount of distilled water added corresponded to the molar ratio H2O/Ti = 10. The gels were thereafter transformed into aerogels by drying under supercritical conditions of ethanol (P = 63 bars, T = 243 °C).
Catalysts with nominal vanadia loading of 2 wt% were elaborated by impregnating 2 g of support with 4 ml of an acetone solution of vanadyl acetylacetonate (Fluka, 95%).
The obtained solids are then dried in an oven at 60 °C for 24 h. Finally, catalysts are calcined for 3 h at 500 °C under flowing O2 (30 ml min−1) and denoted respectively VTi, VTiZr, VTiCe and VTiCeZr.
Catalysts with nominal vanadia loading of 2 wt% were elaborated by impregnating 2 g of support with 4 ml of an acetone solution of vanadyl acetylacetonate (Fluka, 95%).
The obtained solids are then dried in an oven at 60 °C for 24 h. Finally, catalysts are calcined for 3 h at 500 °C under flowing O2 (30 ml min−1) and denoted respectively VTi, VTiZr, VTiCe and VTiCeZr.
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