Sanguinarine chloride hydrate and sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE7βCD) sodium salt with a degree of substitution of 6.4 were procured from Advent ChemBio Pvt. Ltd., India and used as received. The concentration of SGR solution was determined spectrophotometrically using its molar absorption coefficient (ε = 30 700 M−1 cm−1 at 327 nm in acidic aqueous solution).15 (link) Nanopure water (Millipore Gradient A10 System; conductivity of 0.06 μS cm−1) was used to prepare the sample solutions. Luria Bertani broth, Luria agar, phosphate buffered saline were from HiMedia, Mumbai, India; 2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride dye from Sigma chemicals.
Gradient a10 system
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
The Gradient A10 system is a laboratory equipment manufactured by Merck Group. It is a gradient HPLC system designed for analytical and preparative liquid chromatography applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetone, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Epicatechin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
L tryptophan, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
L phenylalanine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Glycochenodeoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Naringenin, by Extrasynthese (2 mentions)
Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by HiMedia (1 mentions)
Luria bertani broth, by HiMedia (1 mentions)
Luria agar, by HiMedia (1 mentions)
β glucuronidase, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Strata x aw cartridges, by Phenomenex (1 mentions)
Type h2 from helix pomatia, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Milli q, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Aluminum chloride hexahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Amplex red reagent, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Gold 3 chloride trihydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium dithionite, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Horseradish peroxidase hrp, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
12 protocols using gradient a10 system
1
Sanguinarine Chloride Hydrate Characterization
2
Quantitative HPLC-MS/MS of Isoprostanes
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HPLC-grade ACN and methanol were obtained from Scharlau Chemie (Barcelona, Spain). Ultrapure water (Milli-Q) was from Milli-Q Gradient A10 system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). β-glucuronidase, type H2 from Helix pomatia, and BIS-TRIS (Bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-amino-tris(hydroxymethyl)-methane) were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Strata X-AW cartridges, 100 mg 3 mL-1, were from Phenomenex (Torrance, CA, USA). The authentic standards used for quantification (15-F2t-IsoP, ent-15-epi-15-F2t-IsoP, 2,3-dinor-15-F2t-IsoP, 2,3-dinor-15-epi-15-F2t-IsoP, 5-F2t-IsoP, 5-epi-5-F2t-IsoP) were synthesized following the methodology previously described [36 (link),37 (link),38 (link)]. The additional IsoP and prostaglandin (PG) standards were obtained from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA).
3
Colorimetric Protein Quantification
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Gold(iii ) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), H2O2, bovine serum albumin (BSA), sodium dithionite (SDT), aluminum chloride hexahydrate (AlCl3·6H2O), trifluoroacetic (TFA) >99.5%, N,N′-dimethylformamide (DMF), acetone, sodium chloride (NaCl), tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were obtained from Merck Life Science A/S (DK). 4,4′,4′′-s-Triazine-2,4,6-triyl-tribenzoic acid (H3TATB) was purchased from ChemScene LLC (NJ, USA). Amplex Red reagent and Pierce Bicinchoninic Acid (BCA) were bought from Thermo Fisher Scientific (MA, USA). Fresh bovine blood (product number: 77667) was purchased from SSI Diagnostica A/S (DK). TRIS buffer (10 mM, containing 150 mM NaCl, pH = 7.4) was made with ultrapure water (Milli-Q, (MQ)), which was purified by a Gradient A10 system, total organic carbon <4 ppb, resistivity at 25 °C 18.2 MΩ cm (Millipore, USA).
4
Certified Reference Standards for Ciguatoxin Analysis
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CCTX1 standard solution (10 pg∙µL−1) was kindly supplied by Dr. Manger and Dr. Dickey from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and the Marine Science institute of the University of Texas (USA), respectively. The CTX1B pure standard solution was kindly provided by professor Takeshi Yasumoto from the Japan food Research Laboratory (JFRL). The CTX3C standard was purchased from Wako Chemicals GmBH (Neuss, Germany).
Acetone, diethyl ether, methanol, water, hexane and ethyl acetate used for extraction and purification were of HPLC grade (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Water for preparation of ouabain and veratridine solutions was deionized and purified at 15 MΩ cm+ through a Milli-Q Gradient A10 system (Millipore, Spain). Water (J. T. Baker, Center Valley, PA, USA) for LC–MS analysis were of LC–MS grade. methanol (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) for diluted samples utilized in the N2a assay were of HPLC grade.
Acetone, diethyl ether, methanol, water, hexane and ethyl acetate used for extraction and purification were of HPLC grade (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Water for preparation of ouabain and veratridine solutions was deionized and purified at 15 MΩ cm+ through a Milli-Q Gradient A10 system (Millipore, Spain). Water (J. T. Baker, Center Valley, PA, USA) for LC–MS analysis were of LC–MS grade. methanol (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) for diluted samples utilized in the N2a assay were of HPLC grade.
5
Synthesis and Characterization of Cyanine Dyes
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HEPES,
decylubiquinone (dQ), potassium ferrocyanide,
FcMeOH, LDAO, Cytochrome c from horse heart (Cyt c3+, i.e., in the oxidized state), and methanol
were purchased from Sigma.l -Ascorbic acid sodium salt was
purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific. All reagents and solvents
for the synthesis of hCy2 and hCy2-NHS were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Dye847 (847 refers to its maximum absorption in methanol) was from
Crysta-Lyn Chemical Company (Binghamton, NY, USA). All aqueous solutions
were prepared using water purified by the Milli-Q Gradient A-10 system
(Millipore, 18.2 MΩ cm, organic carbon content ≤ 4 μg/L).
Pre-coated thin-layer chromatography (TLC)-plates RP-18/UV254 by Macherey-Nagel
Gmbh & Co with silica gel C-18 layer of 0.15 and 0.25 mm were
used for analytical and preparative TLC, respectively. CombiFlash
Rf+ chromatograph equipped with a 50 g gold reverse phase
C-18 column was used for purification of cyanine molecules. High-resolution
mass spectra were recorded by a Shimadzu high-performance liquid chromatography-ion
trap-time of flight mass spectrometer (LCMS-IT-TOF). 1H
NMR and 13C NMR spectra were recorded at 500 and 125 MHz,
respectively, using an Agilent Technologies 500/54 Premium Shielded
spectrometer.
decylubiquinone (dQ), potassium ferrocyanide,
FcMeOH, LDAO, Cytochrome c from horse heart (Cyt c3+, i.e., in the oxidized state), and methanol
were purchased from Sigma.
purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific. All reagents and solvents
for the synthesis of hCy2 and hCy2-NHS were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Dye847 (847 refers to its maximum absorption in methanol) was from
Crysta-Lyn Chemical Company (Binghamton, NY, USA). All aqueous solutions
were prepared using water purified by the Milli-Q Gradient A-10 system
(Millipore, 18.2 MΩ cm, organic carbon content ≤ 4 μg/L).
Pre-coated thin-layer chromatography (TLC)-plates RP-18/UV254 by Macherey-Nagel
Gmbh & Co with silica gel C-18 layer of 0.15 and 0.25 mm were
used for analytical and preparative TLC, respectively. CombiFlash
Rf+ chromatograph equipped with a 50 g gold reverse phase
C-18 column was used for purification of cyanine molecules. High-resolution
mass spectra were recorded by a Shimadzu high-performance liquid chromatography-ion
trap-time of flight mass spectrometer (LCMS-IT-TOF). 1H
NMR and 13C NMR spectra were recorded at 500 and 125 MHz,
respectively, using an Agilent Technologies 500/54 Premium Shielded
spectrometer.
6
Electrochemical Determination of Ethylene Glycol
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Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), 3-morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid (MOPSO), phenolphthalein, potassium persulfate, sodium salt of N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (sulfo-NHS), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4), and thionine acetate (Th) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Potassium permanganate, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide (30%), hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid were obtained from Lach-Ner (Neratovice, Czech Republic). All the chemicals used in the assay were of analytical grade. N,N-Diethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulfate salt (DPD; ≥98%) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The DPD (12.53 mM) solution was prepared by dissolving a requisite quantity in deionized water. Ultrapure Q-water was from a Milli-Q Gradient A10 system (Millipore; Molsheim, France).
7
Quantification of Milk Proteins using Stable Isotope-Labelled Peptides
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Ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3), dithiotheritol (DTT), iodoacetamide (IAA), hydrogen chloride (HCl) and bovine β-casein (purity > 98%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetonitrile (ACN) and formic acid were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All reagents used were of analytical or HPLC grade. Proteomics grade trypsin was from Yaxin Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Stable isotope-labelled [13C5, 15N]-valine (V*) and [13C6, 15 N]-leucine (L*) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The stable isotope-labelled peptides VL*PV*PQK (IS1) and QSVLSLSQSKVL*PV*PQKAVPYPQRD (IS2) were synthesised by ChinaPeptides Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Trypsin was dissolved and diluted in 1 mM HCl, while other chemicals were prepared using 50 mM NH4HCO3 with no further purification. Water generated from a Milli-Q Gradient A 10 system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) was used in all experiments. Human milk was obtained from the local hospital and used as IS3.
The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the College of Biosystem Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University.
The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the College of Biosystem Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University.
8
Commercially Obtained Chemicals Analysis
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The following chemicals were obtained commercially: L-phenylalanine, 1-methyl-L-histidine, L-tryptophan, 20-deoxyguanosine, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO), 4-hydroxyhippuric acid (PhytoLab GmbH & Co., KG) and naringenin (Extrasynthèse, Genay, France). HPLC-grade acetonitrile and formic acid were purchased from Scharlau Chemie S.A. (Barcelona, Spain). Ultrapure water (Milli-Q) was obtained from a Milli-Q Gradient A10 system (Millipore, Bedford, MA).
9
Comprehensive Metabolite Profiling Protocol
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Acetylcholine, acetyl-d3-L-carnitine hydrochloride, acetyl-Lcarnitine, adrenic acid, L-carnitine, Lcitrulline, dodecanoic acid, (-)-epicatechin, gallic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, glycocholic acid-(glycyl-1-13C) monohydrate, α-hydroxyisobutyric acid, indole-3-acetic-2,2-d2 acid, Lisoleucine, 7-ketocholesterol, L-leucine, leukotriene B4, margaric acid, palmitic acid, Lphenylalanine, stearic acid, syringic acid, L-tryptophan, uric acid, and L-valine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). 4-hydroxyhippuric acid was purchased from PhytoLab GmbH and Co KG (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany), naringenin from Extrasynthèse (Genay, France), and arachidonic acid from Cymit Quimica (Barcelona, Spain). UHPLC-MS-grade methanol, acetone, formic acid, and HPLC-grade acetonitrile were purchased from Scharlau Chemie S.A. (Barcelona, Spain). Ultrapure water (Milli-Q) was obtained from a Milli-Q Gradient A10 system (Millipore, Bedford, MA).
10
HPLC-PDA Analysis of Sildenafil Citrate
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Ethanol and mEthanol (HPLC grade) were purchased from Biosolve (Valkenswaard, The Netherlands). Formic acid was purchased from VWR Prolabo (Fontenay-Sous-Bois, France). Ammonium formate was procured from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). A sildenafil citrate reference standard was kindly donated by Pfizer (New York City, USA). The water, used during this study, was produced by a Milli-Q Gradient A10 system (Millipore, Billerica, USA) and will be referred to as Bwater^in the next paragraphs.
An Ammonium formate buffer (0.020 M) pH = 3 was prepared which served as aqueous phase during the HPLC-PDA analysis.
A reference solution of sildenafil citrate (0.1 mg mL -1 ) in Ethanol/water (50/50 v/v%) was prepared and analyzed under the same experimental conditions as the samples in order to determine the specific retention time.
An Ammonium formate buffer (0.020 M) pH = 3 was prepared which served as aqueous phase during the HPLC-PDA analysis.
A reference solution of sildenafil citrate (0.1 mg mL -1 ) in Ethanol/water (50/50 v/v%) was prepared and analyzed under the same experimental conditions as the samples in order to determine the specific retention time.
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