Jsm 6700f

The crystal structures of the materials were studied by XRD (Brucker D8 X‐ray diffractometer) with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5418) at room temperature. IR spectra were measured with KBr pellets on a Bruker IFS‐66 V/S FTIR spectrometer. Thermogravimetric measurement was performed on preweighed samples in a nitrogen stream using a Netzsch STA 449C apparatus with a heating rate of 10 °C min⁻¹ under N₂ atmosphere. The morphologies of the materials were investigated using a field emission SEM (JEOL JSM‐6700F) and TEM (FEI Tecnai G2 F20 S‐TWIN). XPS was performed on ESCALAB 250 with Mg Kα as the X‐ray source. The Raman spectroscopy was tested using a Renishaw in via Raman microscope with Ar‐ion laser excitation (λ = 514.5 nm). MALDI‐TOF mass spectroscopy was recorded on a Bruker Autoflex II spectrometer. PAQS was measured in positive ion mode using trans‐2‐[3‐(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐2‐methyl‐2‐propenylidene]malononitrile (DCTB) as the matrix.

A Bruker D8 Advance X-ray diffractometer was used to analyze the crystal structures of the prepared catalysts. A Cary 500 ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer (DRS) was utilized to investigate the optical properties of the catalysts. A field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM; JSM-6700F) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM; JEM-2010, FEI, Tecnai G² F20 FEG TEM) were used to determine the micromorphology of the as-synthesized samples. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed using a Thermo Scientific ESCA Lab250 spectrometer consisting of monochromatic Al Kα as the X-ray source. All binding energies were calibrated to the C 1 s peak of surface adventitious carbon at 284.6 eV. The surface area of the samples was measured by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method using nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms on a Micrometrics ASAP 2020 system. PFM analysis was performed on a commercial piezoresponse force microscope (Oxford Instruments, MFP-3D). The photothermal effect of the sample was recorded by a Fotric IR thermal imager. Theoretical calculation and additional characterization have been provided in the Supplementary Methods.

The PD5 scaffold was analyzed using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer (NanoDrop2000, Thermofly, USA). Fabricated scaffolds were then scanned with a micro-CT (skyscan-1276, Bruker, Belgium) under the following scanning conditions: exposure (ms) = 360, voltage (kV) = 43, current (µA) = 200. A field emission scanning electron microscope (JSM-6700F, Japan) and an environmental scanning electron microscope (FEI QuANTA 200, Czech Republic) were used for surface characterization. An energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS, JSM-6700F, Japan) was employed to analyze the components.