Methylammonium bromide mabr

Manufactured by Greatcell Solar

Sourced in Australia

Methylammonium bromide (MABr) is a chemical compound that is used as a precursor material in the production of perovskite solar cells. It serves as a key component in the active layer of these solar cells, contributing to the overall performance and efficiency of the device. The core function of MABr is to act as a building block for the perovskite structure, which is responsible for absorbing light and converting it into electrical energy.

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Methylammonium bromide (16 citations)

9 protocols using methylammonium bromide mabr

Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells

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All chemicals were used as received without further purification. Mesoporous transparent titania paste (30 NR-D), methylammonium iodide, formamidinium iodide (FAI), formamidinium bromide, and methylammonium bromide (MABr) were purchased from Greatcell Solar. MoO_x powder was procured from Alfa Aesar, and all other materials [including cesium iodide (CsI) and rubidium iodide (RbI)] were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. TTIP, TiCl₄, and TDMAT were used as the ALD precursors for making cp-TiO₂ films.

Shen H., Omelchenko S.T., Jacobs D.A., Yalamanchili S., Wan Y., Yan D., Phang P., Duong T., Wu Y., Yin Y., Samundsett C., Peng J., Wu N., White T.P., Andersson G.G., Lewis N.S, & Catchpole K.R. (2018). In situ recombination junction between p-Si and TiO2 enables high-efficiency monolithic perovskite/Si tandem cells. Science Advances, 4(12), eaau9711.

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Inverse Temperature Crystallization of MAPbBr3 Perovskite

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The single crystals were synthesized using the inverse temperature crystallization protocol reported elsewhere.[12 (link), 21 (link)] Lead bromide (99.99%) and dimethylformamide, DMF (anhydrous, 99.8%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Methylammonium bromide (MABr) was purchased from Greatcell Solar (Australia). All salts and solvents were used as received without any further purification. 1.5 M PbBr₂ and MABr was prepared in DMF. The solutions were filtered using a PTFE filter with 0.2 mm pore size. Two mL of the filtrate were placed in a vial and the vial was kept in an oil bath, increasing the temperature from 60 °C to 100 °C. The crystals were grown for 4 h. We have chosen MAPbBr₃ single crystals over the other types, since the stability of these crystals has been demonstrated in the ambient.[22 (link)] MAPbI₃ crystals are known to degrade in ambient conditions.[23 (link)] The crystals were ca. 5 mm x 3 mm x 2 mm in dimensions. We note that the proposed porosities/voids that allow bromine vapors to enter the crystals, are an outcome of the aggregative assembly involved in perovskite crystallization, whereby the sol, consisting of bromoplumbate-solvent complexes aggregates and solidifies without full densification and introduces unintentional voids into the crystals.

Kirmani A.R., Mansour A.E., Yang C., Munir R., El-Zohry A.M., Mohammed O.F, & Amassian A. (2020). Facile and noninvasive passivation, doping and chemical tuning of macroscopic hybrid perovskite crystals. PLoS ONE, 15(3), e0230540.

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Synthesis of Perovskite Solar Cell Materials

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Lignin (alkali type), PMA, nitric acid (≥65%), sulfuric acid (95.0% +), anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), chlorobenzene, toluene, methanol, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, oleylamine, and poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Oak (>100 mesh) was acquired as LC biomass from Prof. Jae-Won Lee’s group at Chonnam National University. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, >95%, OD: 5–15 nm) were purchased from US Research Nanomaterials, Inc. (USA). Ti foil (0.25 μm thick), FM, cesium iodide (CsI), and bathocuproin (BCP, 98%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar (USA). PTAA (poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine]) and PFN-Br (poly(9,9-bis(3’-(N,N-dimethyl)-N-ethylammonium-propyl-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene))dibromide) were purchased from Xi’an Polymer Light Technology Corp (China) and 1-Material, respectively. Formamidium iodide (FAI) and methyl-ammonium bromide (MABr) were purchased from Greatcell Solar Materials (Australia). Lead (II) iodide (PbI₂) and lead (II) bromide (PbBr₂) were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (TCI, Japan). PC₆₁BM was purchased from EM Index.

Choi Y., Mehrotra R., Lee S.H., Nguyen T.V., Lee I., Kim J., Yang H.Y., Oh H., Kim H., Lee J.W., Kim Y.H., Jang S.Y., Jang J.W, & Ryu J. (2022). Bias-free solar hydrogen production at 19.8 mA cm−2 using perovskite photocathode and lignocellulosic biomass. Nature Communications, 13, 5709.

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Perovskite Photovoltaic Materials and Devices

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All materials were used as received without further purification. Methylammonium bromide (MABr) (GreatCell Solar Materials), formamidinium iodide (FAI) (GreatCell Solar Materials), cesium iodide (CsI) (Sigma-Aldrich), lead (II) bromide (PbBr₂) (TCI) and lead (II) iodide (PbI₂) (TCI) powders were used to make perovskite precursors. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([C₄mim]⁺[C₀SO₄]⁻), 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium methyl sulfate ([C₄mim]⁺[C₁SO₄]⁻), and 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium octyl sulfate ([C₄mim]⁺[C₈SO₄]⁻) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. C₆₀ (99.5%) and bathocuproine (BCP) (99%) were purchased from Taiwan Lumtec Corp. The anhydrous solvents N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and chlorobenzene (CB) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The NiO_x nanoparticles and pre-patterned ITO glass were purchased from Advanced Election Technology Co., Ltd. The mask used for depositing metal electrodes was custom-made by Shenzhen Rigorous Technology Co., Ltd.

Wang X., Ying Z., Zheng J., Li X., Zhang Z., Xiao C., Chen Y., Wu M., Yang Z., Sun J., Xu J.R., Sheng J., Zeng Y., Yang X., Xing G, & Ye J. (2023). Long-chain anionic surfactants enabling stable perovskite/silicon tandems with greatly suppressed stress corrosion. Nature Communications, 14, 2166.

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Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication

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Lead
iodide (PbI₂, TCI), lead
bromide (PbBr₂, TCI), formamidinium iodide (FAI, Greatcell
Solar Materials), methylammonium bromide (MABr, Greatcell Solar Materials), n-hexyl trimethylammonium bromide (HTABr, Greatcell Solar
Materials), polyethylenoxide (PEO, Sigma-Aldrich), methylammonium
chloride (MACl, Sigma-Aldrich), spiro-OMeTAD (Luminescence Technology
corp.), FK209 (Luminescence Technology corp.), creatine (Sigma-Aldrich),
hydriodic acid (Alfa Aesar), SnO₂ colloidal solution (Alfa
Aesar), dimethylformamide (DMF, Sigma-Aldrich), dimethyl sulfoxide
(DMSO, Sigma-Aldrich), isopropyl alcohol (IPA, Sigma-Aldrich), chlorobenzene
(CB, Sigma-Aldrich), diethyl ether (DEE, Sigma-Aldrich), acetone (Sigma-Aldrich),
and ethanol (Sigma-Aldrich)

Kim G.W., Min J., Park T, & Petrozza A. (2022). Defect Passivation through (α-Methylguanido)acetic Acid in Perovskite Solar Cell for High Operational Stability. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 14(18), 20848-20855.

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Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication

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Methylammonium iodide (MAI), formamidinium iodide (FAI), methylammonium bromide (MABr) and TiO₂ paste (30 NR-D) were ordered from Greatcell Solar, Ltd, Australia. PbI₂ (99.999%) and dimethylformamide (DMF) were purchased from Alfa Aesar, UK. CsI (99.999%), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), chlorobenzene, titanium isopropoxide, 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide lithium salt (Li-TFSI) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich, Ltd, USA. Methylammonium chloride (MACl) and PbBr₂ (99.98%) were purchased from Xi’an Polymer Light Technology Corp, China. Spiro-OMeTAD was purchased from Taiwan Lumtec, Ltd, China.

You P., Tang G., Cao J., Shen D., Ng T.W., Hawash Z., Wang N., Liu C.K., Lu W., Tai Q., Qi Y., Lee C.S, & Yan F. (2021). 2D materials for conducting holes from grain boundaries in perovskite solar cells. Light, Science & Applications, 10, 68.

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Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells

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All reagents and chemicals were purchased from commercial
suppliers
without further purification. Tin dioxide(IV) and 15% hydrocolloid
dispersion (SnO₂) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Nickel(II)
acetate tetrahydrate (Ni(OCOCH₃)₂·4H₂O, 99.995% trace metals basis), PbI₂, spiro-OMeTAD
(purity ≥99.8%), sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), isopropanol
(IPA), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF),
dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), chlorobenzene (CB), acetonitrile (ACN),
4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP), lithium bis(trifluoromethane
sulfonyl)imide (Li-TFSI), and FK 209 Co(III) TFSI salts were from
Sigma-Aldrich. Formamidinium iodide (FAI), methylammonium chloride
(MACl), and methylammonium bromide (MABr) were obtained from GreatCell
Solar.

Quy H.V, & Bark C.W. (2022). Ni-Doped SnO2 as an Electron Transport Layer by a Low-Temperature Process in Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Omega, 7(26), 22256-22262.

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Synthesis of Perovskite Nanocrystal Powders

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Perovskite Nanocrystals powder of MA2CuBr4, MA2CuCl4, MA2CuCl3.7Br0.3, and MA2CuCl3.34Br0.66 were synthesized from methanol solutions. The precursors methyl-ammonium chloride (MACl, 99.99%, GreatCell Solar), methyl-ammonium bromide (MABr, 99.99%, GreatCell Solar), CuCl2 (copper chloride, 99% Sigma-Aldrich) and CuBr2 (copper bromide, 99% Sigma-Aldrich). The chemicals were mixed in the desired stoichiometry. For example, to synthesize MA2CuCl3.7Br0.3, 0.134 g of CuCl2, 0.118 g of MACl, and 0.027 g of MABr were mixed in 100 mL of MeOH, stirred for 2 h at 70 ○ C, and left to crystallize for 48 hours in an ice bath (0 ○ C). The powder crystals product was recovered by a rotary evaporator followed by washing the product with diethyl ether and drying at 65 ○ C for 12 h in a vacuum. Finally, the products are stored in an argon-filled glove box. The appearance of perovskite crystal is presented in Figure S1, supporting information.

Gassara M., Hemasiri N.H., Kazim S., Costantino F., Naïli H, & Ahmad S. (2023). Uncovering the Role of Electronic Doping in Lead-free Perovskite (CH₃ NH₃ )₂ CuCl_4-x Br_x and Solar Cells Fabrication. ChemSusChem, 16(11).

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Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication

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For perovskite layer, lead (II) iodide (99.999%, ultra dry) from Alfa Aesar, lead (II) bromide (perovskite precursor grade) from TCI, formamidinium iodide (FAI, Greatcell Solar), methylammonium iodide (MAI, Greatcell Solar), methylammonium bromide (MABr, Greatcell Solar) and methylamine hydrochloride (≥98%, MACl, Sigma-Aldrich)) were used. Tin (IV) oxide solution (15% in H₂O) was purchased from Alfa Aesar. Titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) (75 wt% in isopropanol), Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (≥99%, Li-TFSI) and 4-tert-butyl pyridine (98%, TBP) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. N2,N2,N2′,N2′,N7,N7,N7′,N7′-octakis(4-methoxyphenyl)-9,9′-spirobi[9H-fluorene]-2,2′,7,7′-tetramine (99%, Spiro-OMeTAD), and Tris(2-(1H -pyrazol-1-yl)-4-tert-butylpyridine) - cobalt(III) Tris(bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide)) (>99%, FK209 Co(III) TFSI) were purchased from LumTec. Mesoporous TiO₂ paste was purchased from ShareChem. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (#4002-E or #4002-EE) was purchased from Rieke Metals. All the other chemicals including organic solvents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich if they are not noted.

Kim Y.Y., Yang T.Y., Suhonen R., Kemppainen A., Hwang K., Jeon N.J, & Seo J. (2020). Roll-to-roll gravure-printed flexible perovskite solar cells using eco-friendly antisolvent bathing with wide processing window. Nature Communications, 11, 5146.

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