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6 protocols using haucl4

1

Electrochemical Biosensing of Biomarkers

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All nucleotide sequences used (Table 1 and Table S1, ordered from Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China): tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride, named TCEP solution (Sigma-Aldrich, Shanghai, China); poly-HRP40 (streptavidin modified), named SA-polyHRP (Fitzgerald Industries International Inc., New Castle, DE, USA); TMB Substrate (Neogen, KY, USA); HAuCl4 (99.8% Au, Strem Chemicals Inc., Bischheim, France); fetal bovine serum, named FBS (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA); all chemical buffer (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China). We also used: 16-mutichannel screen-printed carbon electrode, named 16-SPCE (CH Instruments, Inc., Shanghai, China); CHI-660C electrochemical workstation (CH Instruments, Inc., Shanghai, China); NanoDrop One (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Tumwater, WA, USA); Nova nanoSEM 450 instrument (FEI Company, Rockville, MD, USA); and AFM Multimode 8 instrument (Bruker, Billerica, CA, USA).
Human serum samples were derived from healthy human blood, which was donated by volunteers. First, the whole blood was centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 10 min, then the supernatant was collected and kept at 4 °C for later use.
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2

Synthesis of Gold and Titanium Complexes

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[AuCl(tht)],[52 ] [AuX(NHC)] (X = Cl, Br),[20 (link),21 ] and Cp2TiMe2[53 ] were prepared as previously reported. Chemicals were purchased as indicated: Cp2TiCl2, H[AuCl4] (STREM Chemicals), 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (H2mba) and Methyl Lithium solution (1.6M) (Sigma Aldrich). Reaction solvents were purchased anhydrous from Fisher Scientific (BDH, ACS Grade) and Sigma-Aldrich, used without further purification, and dried in a SPS machine and kept over molecular sieves (3 Å, beads, 4–8 mesh), otherwise over sodium if necessary. Deuterated solvents were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc. and were kept over molecular sieves (3 Å, beads, 4–8 mesh). Celite (Celite 545, Diatomaceous Earth) was purchased from VWR International and used as received.
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3

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocomposites

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GO was purchased from Nanjing XFNANO Materials Tech Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China), while EDOT, DA, UA, AA, K3Fe(CN)6, and Ru(NH3)6Cl3 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). HAuCl4 was purchased from Strem Chemicals, Inc. (Newburyport, MA, USA). All reagents were of analytical grade, and 18.2 MΩ cm Milli-Q water was used throughout the experiments.
The surface morphologies of the nanocomposites were obtained by TEM (JEOL JEM-2100Plus microscope) and SEM (Gemini SEM 500 microscope). The crystal structures were characterized by XRD using a LabX XRD-6100 system (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). The element compositions of the nanocomposites were analyzed by XPS (AXIS ULtrabld instrument; Kratos, Manchester, UK). Electrochemical measurements were obtained using a CHI760 electrochemical workstation with a conventional three-electrode system, where platinum wire served as the auxiliary electrode, a saturated Ag/AgCl electrode was used as the reference electrode, and a bare or modified GCE (diameter=3.0 mm) served as the working electrode. Sodium phosphate buffer saline (PBS; 10 mM, pH=7.4) was used as electrolyte solution.
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4

Synthesis of Gold Compound Au-1

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The preparation of gold compound Au-1 was was performed following a reported synthetic method. 53 (link) H[AuCl 4 ] was purchased from Strem Chemicals (Newburyport, MA). Benzyl bromide, ethyl iodide, and silver oxide were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). 4,5-diphenylimizadole and lithium bis(trimethyl silyl)amide were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA). Reaction solvents were purchased anhydrous from Fisher Scientific (BDH, ACS Grade) and Sigma-Aldrich. Solvents were dried in a SPS machine, and kept over molecular sieves (3 Å, beads, 4-8 mesh); otherwise over sodium, if necessary. Deuterated solvents were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc., and were kept over molecular sieves (3 Å, beads, 4-8mesh). Celite (Celite 545, Diatomaceous Earth) was purchased from VWR International and used as received.
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5

Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles

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Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and 10, 12-tricosadiynoic acid were purchased from NOF (Tokyo, Japan) and Alfa-Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA), respectively. HAuCl4 was purchased from Strem Chemicals Inc (Newburyport, MA, USA) and used without further purification. Bovine serum albumin (pooled, mixed gender) was purchased from Biochemed Pharmaceuticals Inc (Winchester, VA, USA) and kept at −20 °C for further use. All other chemicals were of analytical grade and used as received.
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6

Synthesis of Gold Compounds

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Gold compounds 1 and 2 were prepared as previously reported.69 ,70 (link) Chemicals were purchased as indicated: H[AuCl4] (Strem Chemicals, Newburyport, MA), benzyl bromide, ethyl iodide, and silver oxide (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), 4,5-diphenylimizadole and lithium bis(trimethyl silyl)amide (Alfa Aesar, Haverhill, MA). Reaction solvents were purchased anhydrous from Fisher Scientific (BDH, ACS Grade) and Sigma-Aldrich, used without further purification, dried in a SPS machine, and kept over molecular sieves (3 Å, beads, 4–8 mesh), otherwise over sodium if necessary. Deuterated solvents were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc., and were kept over molecular sieves (3 Å, beads, 4–8mesh). Celite (Celite 545, Diatomaceous Earth) was purchased from VWR International and used as received.
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