The strain Acetobacter xylinum that was used to produce BC was purchased from a local supplier (Biotechno, Serang, Indonesia). Glacial acetic acid (CH3COOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), acetic anhydride (CH3CO)2O, ammonium phosphate (NH4)3PO4, and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) were purchased from Merck, Indonesia. WWAS was collected from the Arenga starch industry in Lebak Regency, Banten Province, Indonesia, and its characteristics are shown in Table 1 .
Glacial acetic acid ch3cooh
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Glacial acetic acid (CH3COOH) is a colorless, pungent liquid that is widely used in various laboratory applications. It is the pure form of acetic acid, with a concentration of approximately 99.7%. Glacial acetic acid has a high boiling point and is miscible with water, making it a versatile solvent and reagent in chemical and biological experiments.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Sulfuric acid h2so4, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide h2o2, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Chitosan, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Milli q purification system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Primary secondary amine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Anhydrous magnesium sulphate mgso4, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Formic acid ch2o2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ammonium formate hcoonh4, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Bondesil c18 bulk sorbent, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Absolute ethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Scharlab (1 mentions)
Cuso4 5h2o, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (edta), by BD (1 mentions)
Znso4 7h2o, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 hydroxybenzaldehyde, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Na2co3, by BD (1 mentions)
Sodium carbonate na2co3, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
18 protocols using glacial acetic acid ch3cooh
1
Bacterial Cellulose Production from Arenga Starch Wastewater
2
Sensitive Pesticide Analysis via LC-MS
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LC-MS grade acetonitrile (MeCN), methanol (MeOH) and formic acid
(CH2O2) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim,
Germany). Glacial acetic acid (CH3COOH) and ammonium formate
(HCOONH4) were from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ultrapure water
(18.2 MΩ) was obtained using a Milli Q purification system (Millipore,
Molsheim, France). Anhydrous magnesium sulphate (MgSO4)
(Sigma-Aldrich), anhydrous sodium acetate
(C2H3NaO2) (Merck) and primary-secondary
amine (PSA, 40 μm particle size) (Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, USA) were
analytical purity. Bondesil C18 bulk sorbent (50 μm particle size) was
from Agilent Technologies (Santa Clara, CA, USA).
Certified standards of 507 pesticides were from Dr. Ehrenstorfer (Augsburg,
Germany), ChemService (West Chester, PA, USA), Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim,
Germany) and A2S Analytical Standard Solutions (Saint Jean d’Illac,
France). The purity of standards was ≥92%. Four stock solutions
for GC-amenable pesticides and five stock solutions for LC-amenable pesticides
were prepared at 10 mg/L in acetonitrile [or methanol/acetonitrile (50:50, v/v),
depending on the analytes’ solubility] to cover all target analytes.
These nine multi-standard mixture solutions were used for the preparation of
matrix-matched calibration standards (1–100 μg/kg for LC-amenable
and 2–250 μg/kg for LC-amenable analytes) and validation
study.
(CH2O2) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim,
Germany). Glacial acetic acid (CH3COOH) and ammonium formate
(HCOONH4) were from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ultrapure water
(18.2 MΩ) was obtained using a Milli Q purification system (Millipore,
Molsheim, France). Anhydrous magnesium sulphate (MgSO4)
(Sigma-Aldrich), anhydrous sodium acetate
(C2H3NaO2) (Merck) and primary-secondary
amine (PSA, 40 μm particle size) (Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, USA) were
analytical purity. Bondesil C18 bulk sorbent (50 μm particle size) was
from Agilent Technologies (Santa Clara, CA, USA).
Certified standards of 507 pesticides were from Dr. Ehrenstorfer (Augsburg,
Germany), ChemService (West Chester, PA, USA), Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim,
Germany) and A2S Analytical Standard Solutions (Saint Jean d’Illac,
France). The purity of standards was ≥92%. Four stock solutions
for GC-amenable pesticides and five stock solutions for LC-amenable pesticides
were prepared at 10 mg/L in acetonitrile [or methanol/acetonitrile (50:50, v/v),
depending on the analytes’ solubility] to cover all target analytes.
These nine multi-standard mixture solutions were used for the preparation of
matrix-matched calibration standards (1–100 μg/kg for LC-amenable
and 2–250 μg/kg for LC-amenable analytes) and validation
study.
3
Chitosan-based Heavy Metal Adsorbents
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All reagents used were of analytical reagent grade stated. Chitosan (CS) (with DDA 64% from IR chart) was extracted from shrimp shell were purchased from local market. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 97%) was purchased from Scharlau. Hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%) and Glacial Acetic acid (CH3COOH, 99.8%) were purchased from Merck. CuSO4.5H2O (99%) and ZnSO4.7H2O (99–100.5) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Merck respectively. Cr2(SO4)3.15H2O (99%) and 3-dichloropropane (98%) were purchased from Riedel-De Haen AG. Na2CO3 (≥ 99.5%) and EDTA (99.4–100.6%) were purchased from BDH. absolute Ethanol and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
4
Okra Nanocellulose Production Protocol
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The raw ingredient for the nanocellulose, okra bast fiber, was sourced from Jashore, Khulna region of Bangladesh. Detergent was sourced from the local market of Bangladesh and other necessary chemicals specifically sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (purity 99 %), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), sodium chlorite (NaCIO2), glacial acetic acid (CH3COOH) (99.9 %) were bought from Merck, USA. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with 98 % concentration, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, USA.
5
Chitosan-Cellulose Nanocomposite Fabrication
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Chitosan was extracted using prawn shell (collected from prawn hatchery in Satkhira, Khulna, Bangladesh). Cellulose nanocrystals of size 146 ± 24 nm were obtained from Kumamoto University, Japan. Gelatin (bovine skin, Type B), sodium hydroxide pellet (NaOH) and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) 25% (Purity>98%) were obtained from Loba Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., India. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) 37%, glacial acetic acid (CH3COOH) and nitric acid (HNO3) 69% were obtained from Merck, India and glutaraldehyde (purity 25%), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) were obtained from Merck, Germany. Vero cell line (Vero C1008), DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagles' Medium)(D5796), pencillin and streptomycin (P433), gentamycin(G1397 ) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) (F2442) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
6
Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan-Based Materials
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Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O), cobalt chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2·6H2O), low molecular weight CH (product # 448 869, MW = 50–190 kDa, degree of deacetylation [DD] = 75–85%), sodium acetate (CH3COONa, NaAc), ethylene glycol, glacial acetic acid (CH3COOH, 99%), ethanol, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30%) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and the microbial culture media of Luria–Bertani (LB), Mueller–Hinton and blood agar were purchased from Sigma (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany). RPMI-1640 medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS), trypsin–EDTA solution, and antibiotic solution (penicillin–streptomycin) were obtained from Gibco (Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY).
7
Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles
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Chitosan (medium molecular weight: 190,000–310,000 Da based on viscosity; 75–85% deacetylated; viscosity: 200–800 cP, that is 1 wt % in 1% acetic acid at 25 °C), sodium borohydride (NaBH4, ≥98.0%), caffeic acid (≥98.0%), and quercetin (≥95%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Silver nitrate (AgNO3, ≥99.8%) was obtained from ISOLAB. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, ≥99.0%), glacial acetic acid (CH3COOH), anhydrous aluminium chloride (AlCl3, ≥98.0%), and Folin–Ciocalteau’s phenol reagent (2 N) were purchased from Merck. Water was purified through a Milli-Q water purification system. Figure 1 shows the chemical structures of Chitosan, quercetin, and caffeic acid.
8
Extraction and Purification of 2,3-Dimethylhydroquinone
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2,3-Dimethylhydroquinone (C8H10O2) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4 98%) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich, Singapore, and used as received. Isopropanol (C3H7OH) and glacial acetic acid (CH3COOH) were received from Merck, Singapore. N-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and methanol for column chromatography were obtained in technical grade from the Malang vendor and distilled before use. The solvent for the solubility test, n-octanol (organic phase), and phosphate buffer (water phase) were prepared freshly before the experiment.
The FTIR spectrum was measured using Shimadzu 8400S with NaCl salt plate. The UV-Visible was measured using spectrophotometer UV-Visible Shimadzu 1600. 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR were recorded using JEOL ECS400 with TMS as internal standard (δ 0.00 ppm) and CDCl3 as a solvent ( 1 H-NMR, δ 7.26 ppm, singlet; 13 C-NMR, δ 77.04 ppm, triplet). High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Shimadzu LC-20AD Prominence connected with COSMOSIL packed column 5C18-MS-II 10ID x 250 mm and FID detector used for purification of the product.
The FTIR spectrum was measured using Shimadzu 8400S with NaCl salt plate. The UV-Visible was measured using spectrophotometer UV-Visible Shimadzu 1600. 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR were recorded using JEOL ECS400 with TMS as internal standard (δ 0.00 ppm) and CDCl3 as a solvent ( 1 H-NMR, δ 7.26 ppm, singlet; 13 C-NMR, δ 77.04 ppm, triplet). High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Shimadzu LC-20AD Prominence connected with COSMOSIL packed column 5C18-MS-II 10ID x 250 mm and FID detector used for purification of the product.
9
Rare Earth Oxide Synthesis Using Cy923
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Cy923, composed by 4 trialkyl
phosphine oxides including, dioctylhexyl-phosphine oxide (37.4%),
octyldihexyl-phosphine oxide (30.4%), trioctyl-phosphine oxide (16%),
and dihexyl-phosphine oxide (8.5%)28 (link) (purity:
93%, density: 880 kg/m3, molecular weight: 348 g/mol, Cytec
Industries Inc., Canada); chitosan (medium molecular weight, acetylation
degree: 0.23, batch number: BCCD5444, Sigma-Aldrich); glacial acetic
acid (CH3COOH, 100%, Sigma-Aldrich); yttrium oxide (Y2O3, 99%, Alfa Aesar); gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3, 99%, Alfa Aesar); lanthanum oxide (La2O3, 99%, Alfa Aesar); nitric acid (HNO3, 65%,
Alfa Aesar); and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3, 98%,
Fluka, Switzerland) were used.
phosphine oxides including, dioctylhexyl-phosphine oxide (37.4%),
octyldihexyl-phosphine oxide (30.4%), trioctyl-phosphine oxide (16%),
and dihexyl-phosphine oxide (8.5%)28 (link) (purity:
93%, density: 880 kg/m3, molecular weight: 348 g/mol, Cytec
Industries Inc., Canada); chitosan (medium molecular weight, acetylation
degree: 0.23, batch number: BCCD5444, Sigma-Aldrich); glacial acetic
acid (CH3COOH, 100%, Sigma-Aldrich); yttrium oxide (Y2O3, 99%, Alfa Aesar); gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3, 99%, Alfa Aesar); lanthanum oxide (La2O3, 99%, Alfa Aesar); nitric acid (HNO3, 65%,
Alfa Aesar); and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3, 98%,
Fluka, Switzerland) were used.
10
Quantification of Mycotoxins by LC-MS/MS
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Methanol (CH3OH), acetonitrile (CH3CN), and water (H2O) were LC gradient grade or LC-MS grade, depending on their use during the extraction or analytical phases, and were purchased from VWR (Milan, Italy). Glacial acetic acid (CH3COOH) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Stock solutions of MON and fumonisins (FBs, FB1 and FB2) were respectively prepared in CH3CN/H2O (90/10 v/v) and in CH3CN/H2O (50/50 v/v) (Romer Labs Diagnostic GmbH, Tulln, Austria). Two composite standard working solutions were prepared by dissolving appropriate volumes of each analyte in a dilution phase mixture, CH3CN/H2O (50/50, v/v), as described by Scarpino [80 (link)]. These two working solutions were then mixed in appropriate volumes, in order to prepare the working solutions for calibration. All the solutions were stored at −20 °C in amber glass vials, and were brought to room temperature before use.
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