A series of poly(ethyl acrylate) polymer films were obtained by radical polymerization. Briefly, ethyl acrylate (99%, Sigma-Aldrich) monomer was mixed with 0.5 wt.% benzoin (98% pure Scharlab) as photoinitiator and different proportions (0, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 wt.%) of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) (98%, Sigma-Aldrich) as crosslinker. The reaction was carried out in ultraviolet light for 24 h. After polymerization, samples were washed with ethanol in a Soxhlet extractor for 24 h in order to remove low molecular weight substances, except the sample with 0% of EGDMA, which was dried in a vacuum to constant weight. The 2D substrates will be identified hereinafter as PEA-X%, in which X is the percentage of EGDMA. The films obtained were approximately 1 mm thick.
Benzoin
Manufactured by Scharlab
Benzoin is a solid, crystalline compound commonly used as a fixative in perfumes and cosmetics. It has a distinctive vanillin-like aroma. Benzoin serves as a preservative and skin-conditioning agent in personal care products.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ethyl acrylate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate egdma, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Purasorb pc 12, by Corbion (1 mentions)
Chloroform, by Scharlab (1 mentions)
Ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethyl acrylate ea, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Egdma, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetone, by Scharlab (1 mentions)
5 protocols using benzoin
1
Synthesis of Crosslinked Poly(ethyl acrylate) Films
2
Fabrication of Multilayered PCL Scaffolds
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Medical graded 50 kDa poly ε-caprolactone (PCL, PURASORBPC 12, Corbion Purac, The Netherlands) was used to synthesize the whole implant. Cylindrical core PCL scaffolds were obtained using a 4 mm punch from PCL sheets generated using additive manufacturing with a 0–90° lay-down pattern and 2 mm pore size.
Outer membranous scaffolds of PCL were free solvent printed using melt electrospinning writing technology (MEW; Queensland University of Technology, Australia) with the following parameters: 2.5 bars, 6 kV, 2750 mm/min linear speed, 450 rad/min angular speed and 6 mm printing distance from collector. In order to reduce the membrane hydrophobicity, outer membranous PCL scaffolds were treated with O2/Ar plasma for 8 min (Diener electronic, Plasma-surface-technology, Ebhausen, Germany). Afterwards, PCL membranes were coated with poly-ethyl acrylate (PEA). PEA was obtained by radical polymerization using benzoin (98% pure; Scharlau) as a photoinitiator as described previously34 .
Outer membranous scaffolds of PCL were free solvent printed using melt electrospinning writing technology (MEW; Queensland University of Technology, Australia) with the following parameters: 2.5 bars, 6 kV, 2750 mm/min linear speed, 450 rad/min angular speed and 6 mm printing distance from collector. In order to reduce the membrane hydrophobicity, outer membranous PCL scaffolds were treated with O2/Ar plasma for 8 min (Diener electronic, Plasma-surface-technology, Ebhausen, Germany). Afterwards, PCL membranes were coated with poly-ethyl acrylate (PEA). PEA was obtained by radical polymerization using benzoin (98% pure; Scharlau) as a photoinitiator as described previously34 .
3
Thin Polymer Films for Cell Culture
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Polymer films of ethyl acrylate and methyl acrylate (EA and MA respectively, Sigma-Aldrich) were obtained by radical polymerization of a monomer solution using benzoin (98% pure, Scharlau) as photoinitiator at 0,35 wt% and 1 wt% respectively. The polymerization was carried out up to limiting conversion. Spin-coating was then used to produce thin films of these polymers on glass coverslips (Brewer Science, Rolla, MO).
Polymer solutions were made in toluene with 2.5% PEA or 6% PMA and spin-coating at 2000 rpm for 30 s. Finally, samples were dried at 60 °C in vacuum for 1 h before its use as ventral substrates.
Thin films of PLLA were prepared by solvent casting a solution of 2% PLLA in chloroform (Scharlau) in stainless steel washers and allowed to evaporate. Resulting films were then thermally treated at 120 ºC for 5 minutes and used as dorsal substrates.
Polymer solutions were made in toluene with 2.5% PEA or 6% PMA and spin-coating at 2000 rpm for 30 s. Finally, samples were dried at 60 °C in vacuum for 1 h before its use as ventral substrates.
Thin films of PLLA were prepared by solvent casting a solution of 2% PLLA in chloroform (Scharlau) in stainless steel washers and allowed to evaporate. Resulting films were then thermally treated at 120 ºC for 5 minutes and used as dorsal substrates.
4
UV-Cured Poly(Ethyl Acrylate) Films
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Films of poly(ethyl acrylate) were obtained by UV polymerization. Briefly, ethyl acrylate (EA; 99%, Sigma-Aldrich) with 2 wt% of ethylene glycol dimethyl acrylate (EGDMA; 98% Sigma-Aldrich) as crosslinker and 1 wt% of benzoin (Scharlab) as initiator were stirred for 15 min at room temperature. Then, the solution was injected between two glass plates separated by a wire of 1.2 mm in diameter, and placed in an ultraviolet oven for 8 h to let the polymerization occur. Subsequent post-polymerization was carried out at 90ºC for 24 h. At that moment films were rinsed for 24 h in boiling ethanol, which was changed every 8 h, to remove residues. Finally, films were dried at room conditions for 24 h, 24 h more under vacuum and under vacuum at 60ºC for 24 extra hours before any ensuing experiment.
5
Preparation of PEA Elastomeric Scaffolds
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Preparation of poly(ethyl acrylate), PEA, scaffolds: Poly(ethyl acrylate) elastomeric scaffolds with interconnected spherical pores were obtained by an ultraviolet polymerization of the monomer mixture and a template leaching technique, following the procedure described in [43, 44] . Briefly, ethyl acrylate (99 %, Sigma Aldrich) monomer was mixed with 1 wt % of benzoin (98 %, Scharlau) as photo-initiator and 2 wt % of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (98 %, Sigma Aldrich) as cross-linker, stirred for 20 min, injected in a porogen template consisting of sintered poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres of 130 ± 20 μm in diameter (PMMA; Colacryl dp 300), polymerized in a mold, and postcured in an oven at 90 ºC for 24 h. After polymerization, the PMMA templates, as well as residual substances of low molecular weight, were removed by soxhlet extraction with acetone (Scharlab). Next, the solvent was slowly exchanged with water, and the scaffolds were dried under vacuum. Films were obtained by a polymerization of the monomer mixture in a plane glass mold, to be used as controls. The final thickness was 0.8 mm approximately.
Samples were cut from both the scaffolds and the films as 5 and 8 mm-diameter circles for in vitro assays. Previous to in vitro assays, PEA elastomeric membranes were sterilized with a 25 kGy dose of gamma irradiation in a 60 Co source (Aragogamma, Barcelona, Spain).
Samples were cut from both the scaffolds and the films as 5 and 8 mm-diameter circles for in vitro assays. Previous to in vitro assays, PEA elastomeric membranes were sterilized with a 25 kGy dose of gamma irradiation in a 60 Co source (Aragogamma, Barcelona, Spain).
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