Uv 1601 dual beam spectrophotometer

The Shimadzu UV-1601 dual-beam spectrophotometer (Tokyo, Japan) was used to investigate the transformation of gold salts into gold nanoparticles. The UV–Visible spectra of the synthesized C-AuNPs at a resolution of 1 nm within the range of 200–800 nm was recorded. This method relies on the phenomenon that reducing gold salts to synthesized AuNPs led to a color change.

The synthesized PtubAuNPs were first assessed using UV–vis spectroscopy (Shimadzu UV-1601 dual-beam spectrophotometer, Tokyo, Japan) operated at a resolution of 1 nm in a wavelength of range 200–800 nm, and distilled water was used as a blank. For Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), a Perkin Elmer RX1 was used to detect the presence of functional groups present in the extract and synthesized PtubAuNPs. The analysis was carried out on a Perkin-Elmer Spectrum FTIR system. The spectrum was obtained in transmittance mode operated at a resolution of 2 cm⁻¹ from 4500 cm⁻¹ to 500 cm⁻¹. The morphological features of the PtubAuNPs were ascertained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Before analysis, the powder sample (PtubAuNPs) was dispersed in aqueous solution and was coated on copper grids and left to dry. The analysis was performed with a JOEL 3010 instrument, and the elemental composition was determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) coupled with the instrument. The crystalline nature and orientation of the PtubAuNPs were authenticated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis using an Ultima IV X-ray powder instrument with CuKα radiation (Rigaku Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).

The transformation of gold salts into gold nanoparticles was investigated using the Shimadzu UV-1601 dual-beam spectrophotometer. This measurement has a spatial resolution of one nanometer (200 nm to 800 nm). The technique is based on reducing metal salts to synthesized AuNPs results in a color change. A single drop of an AuNPs suspension was applied to carbon-coated copper TEM grids. It was then analyzed using a Hillsboro, Oregon-based Tecnai G2 Spirit transmission electron microscope equipped with a BioTwin lens configuration. An 80 kV80-kV accelerating voltage powers the system. Subsequently, dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to determine the hydrodynamic radius of the nanoparticles produced. Additionally, a Zetasizer Nano-ZS (ZEN3600 Malvern Instrument Ltd., Malvern, United Kingdom) was used to determine the particle size and zeta potential. The size and shape of gold nanoparticles were also determined using transmission electron microscopy.