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4 protocols using mntbap

1

Antioxidant Assay for Suppression

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To test for involvement of reactive oxygen species, supernates were treated with catalase (MP Biomedicals, Santa Ana, CA), superoxide dismutase (SOD, MP Biomedicals, Santa Ana, CA), carboxy-PTIO (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), uric acid (UA, Pointe Scientific, Canton, MI), or MnTBAP (Enzo Life Sciences, Farmingdale, NY) at indicated concentrations to neutralize/scavenge hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, nitric oxide, or peroxynitrite, respectively. Concentrations depicted represent the final concentration after transfer. Supernate assays were performed as described above (with wells receiving antioxidant-treated supernate from responder cells cultured alone used as a control to ensure lack of effect of antioxidants on baseline proliferation), and percent blockade of suppression was calculated by comparing supernates treated with the antioxidants to untreated supernate controls, as described above. As a positive control for catalase activity, the ability to break down hydrogen peroxide was measured spectrophotometrically.
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2

TRAIL-Induced Cell Death Assay

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Soluble recombinant human TRAIL was obtained from Enzo Life Sciences, Inc. (Farmingdale, NY, USA). 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), chloroquine (CQ) and bafilomycin A1 (Baf) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). The pan-caspase-inhibitor z-VAD-fluorometheylketone (Z-VAD-FMK) was purchased from Merck Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). All insoluble reagents were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and diluted with high glucose-containing DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (both from Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA) or Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS; pH 7.4; Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) (final DMSO concentration, <0.1%) prior to use. The manganese-porphyrin superoxide dismutase mimetic MnTBaP (Enzo Life Sciences, Inc.) was dissolved in 1 mM NaOH (pH 8.0) and HBSS was added to lower the pH to 7.4.
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3

Caspase Inhibitors and Mitochondrial Modulators

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Soluble recombinant human TRAIL was obtained from Enzo Life Sciences (San Diego, CA, USA). The general caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-FMK, and caspase-3/7-specific inhibitor, z-DEVD-FMK, were purchased from Merck Japan (Tokyo, Japan). Glibenclamide, FCCP, antimycin A and U37883A were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Potassium chloride (KCl) was obtained from Wako Pure Chemicals (Osaka, Japan). Insoluble reagents (z-VAD-FMK, z-DEVD-FMK, Glibenclamide, FCCP, antimycin A and U37883A) were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and diluted with high glucose-containing Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM; Sigma-Aldrich) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Sigma-Aldrich) or Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS) (pH 7.4) to a final concentration of <0.1% prior to use. The manganese-porphyrin superoxide dismutase mimetic MnTBaP (Enzo Life Sciences) were dissolved in 1 mM NaOH (pH 8.0) and added HBSS to lower pH 7.4.
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4

Generating Bone Marrow-Derived Cells

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For BMDCs, 10 × 106 BM cells were plated in 10 cm tissue culture dish and cultured for a week with 10 ng/ml GM-CSF (BioLegend) and 5 ng/ml IL-4 (Biosource) in RPMI1640 media supplemented with 10% FCS, 2 mM Glutamine, 100 units/ml penicillin, and 100 μg/ml streptomycin. Fresh GM-CSF and IL-4 were added on day 4. Floating cells were collected, plated out and subjected to subsequent experimental analyses. For BMDMs, 10 × 106 BM cells were plated in 10 cm tissue culture dish and cultured for a week in L929-conditioned media. Fresh L929-conditioned media were added on day 4. Attached macrophages were plated out and subjected to subsequent experimental analyses. Purified LPS from Invivogen was used for all experiments. In some experiments, BMDCs were pretreated with RIPK3 kinase inhibitor GSK’843 (GlaxoSmithKline) (Kaiser et al., 2013 (link)), Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) (Enzo life sciences), z-YVAD-fmk (Enzo life sciences), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) (Calbiochem), MnTBAP (Enzo life sciences), and Trolox (Enzo life sciences) for an hour prior to LPS stimulation. After stimulation, culture media and cells were used for ELISA, RNA, and protein analyses.
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