Deuterium oxide d2o

RAW 264.7 was purchased from National Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures. Deuterium oxide (D2O) was obtained from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical CO., LTD. (Shanghai, China). Neutral Red was acquired from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). D-(+)-Glucose, Phenol were purchased from Aladdin Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). DMEM media (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA), fetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco), Penicillin-Streptomycin (Gibco), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, Gibco) were used for cell culture. LPS was purchased from Shanghai Biyuntian Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All other chemicals used in this study were of analytical grade. The specific RA sample information was listed in Table 1.

Zirconium (IV) chloride (ZrCl₄), benzoic acid (HBC), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Aladdin. 1,4-dicarboxybenzene (H₂BDC), potassium bromide (KBr), and deuterium oxide (D₂O) were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical. N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), methanol (CH₃OH), ethanol (C₂H₅OH), and potassium bicarbonate (KHCO₃) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent. Nafion solution (5% in a mixture of lower aliphatic alcohol and water) was purchased from DuPont. Au@SiO₂ was purchased from Shiyanjia Lab. Copper foil (Cu, 0.1 mm thickness) was purchased from Tianjin Shentai. All reagents were used directly without further purification.

Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), Polytetrafluoro ethylene (PTFE), PVC electrical insulating tape and conductive enameled copper wire and foil were purchased from Alibaba’s e-commerce platform. MEthanol, Ethanol, N-propanol, Ethylene glycol, Glycerol, Formamide, Acetamide, Propionamide, Malonamide, Formic acid, Oxalic acid, Pentane-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, Acetic acid, Benzonitrile, Acetonitrile, Succinonitrile, Deuterium oxide (D₂O), Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) were acquired from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co, Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Some liquids with specified concentrations in the experiment need to be prepared in advance. The concentrations of Glycerol and H₂O₂ were set to 50% and 35%, respectively. Some of the other liquids purchased are solids that need to be prepared as 0.1 mol/L solutions. In order to completely rub the liquid and solid materials of the U-tube TENG to generate electricity, an electric rocker arm was used to shake the U-tube.