Biofilms were observed using Leica SPE-II confocal microscopy (Leica) by washing the coupons with PBS and staining the cells with SYTO9 (100 µM) and PI (100 µM) with 5 min incubation in the dark. Biofilms were observed using Leica SPE-II confocal microscopy (Leica) under 60× magnification and the images were obtained with a Leica DFC500 camera and Leica LAS AF software.
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