Five red wines,
Bordeaux (year 2015, France, made with Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon
and Cabernet Franc, coded as F), Mendoza (year 2016, Argentina, made
with Malbec, coded as AG), Zhangyu (year 2015, China, made with Cabernet
Gernischt, coded as C), Jacob’s creek classic cabernet (year
2015, Australia, made with Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon, coded as
A1), and Jacob’s creek classic merlot (year 2015, Australia,
made with Merlot, coded as A2) were purchased from local supermarkets
in Shanghai (China). The wines were stored at room temperature in
the dark until analysis and immediately analyzed after opening the
bottle to ensure minimum oxidation. Each wine was duplicated in bottle
for the measurement, and all of the experiments were performed at
least in triplicate. Phenacetin (Mw 179.22,
99%) was obtained from J&K Scientific (Beijing, CN). Dextromethorphan
(Mw 271.40, 99%) was obtained from Fluorochem
(Derbyshire, U.K.). Caffeine (Mw 194.19,
≥98%) was obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, USA). Deionized water
(18.2 MΩ cm) was purified by a Smart-Q deionized water system
(Hitech pure water technology, Shanghai, China) and used in all aqueous
solutions.
Bordeaux (year 2015, France, made with Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon
and Cabernet Franc, coded as F), Mendoza (year 2016, Argentina, made
with Malbec, coded as AG), Zhangyu (year 2015, China, made with Cabernet
Gernischt, coded as C), Jacob’s creek classic cabernet (year
2015, Australia, made with Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon, coded as
A1), and Jacob’s creek classic merlot (year 2015, Australia,
made with Merlot, coded as A2) were purchased from local supermarkets
in Shanghai (China). The wines were stored at room temperature in
the dark until analysis and immediately analyzed after opening the
bottle to ensure minimum oxidation. Each wine was duplicated in bottle
for the measurement, and all of the experiments were performed at
least in triplicate. Phenacetin (Mw 179.22,
99%) was obtained from J&K Scientific (Beijing, CN). Dextromethorphan
(Mw 271.40, 99%) was obtained from Fluorochem
(Derbyshire, U.K.). Caffeine (Mw 194.19,
≥98%) was obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, USA). Deionized water
(18.2 MΩ cm) was purified by a Smart-Q deionized water system
(Hitech pure water technology, Shanghai, China) and used in all aqueous
solutions.