Ascorbic acid

Manufactured by Loba Chemie

Sourced in India

Ascorbic acid is a white, crystalline, water-soluble compound. It is a reducing agent and an essential nutrient commonly known as Vitamin C.

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Lab products found in correlation

14 protocols using ascorbic acid

DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay

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The antioxidant activity of the extracts against DPPH radicals was evaluated according to the method previously described by Patro et al. [32 (link)] with slight modifications. Exactly 0.5 mL of each sample with a concentration between 0.05 and 1.00 mg/mL were mixed with 1.0 mL of 0.1 mM DPPH reagent (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). The reaction mixture was incubated in the dark at room temperature for 30 min. The absorbance of the reaction was then recorded at 517 nm using a UV-visible spectrophotometer (SQ2800, Unico, Dayton, NJ, USA). The antioxidant efficacy of all samples was compared to ascorbic acid at 25–200 µg/mL (Loba Chemie, Mumbai, India) as a positive control in triplicate using the following Equation (2):
where C is the absorbance value of the control and S is the absorbance value of the sample.

Baharuddin N.S., Roslan M.A., Bawzer M.A., Mohamad Azzeme A., Rahman Z.A., Khayat M.E., Rahman N.A, & Sobri Z.M. (2021). Response Surface Optimization of Extraction Conditions and In Vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Evaluation of an Under-Valued Medicinal Weed, Mimosa pudica. Plants, 10(8), 1692.

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DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay Protocol

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The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) assay’s scavenging activity was evaluated using the steps outlined in the previous study [28 (link)]. A total of 100 μL of 0.2 mM DPPH solution (Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany) dissolved in methanol (QRëC, Auckland, New Zealand) was mixed with 50 μL of the sample solution. The reaction was carried out in a 96-well microplate (SPL Lifesciences, Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea) and incubated at room temperature for 30 min in the dark. The microplate reader, used to measure absorbance, was set to 517 nm. As positive controls, gallic acid and ascorbic acid (Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India) were utilized. The amount of extract required to inhibit DPPH by 50%, or the IC₅₀ value (mg/mL), was used to express the scavenging activity.

Supanivatin P., Thipayarat A., Siriwattanayotin S., Ekkaphan P., Deepatana A, & Wongwiwat J. (2023). A Comparative Analysis of Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, Antimicrobial Activity, and Chemical Profile of Coffea robusta Extracts Using Subcritical Fluid Extraction and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction. Foods, 12(18), 3443.

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Chitosan-Based Antioxidant and Enzymatic Assays

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Chitosan (MW: ~2100 kDa and DDA: 85%, determined using gel permeation chromatography and ¹H-NMR, respectively) was purchased from Marine Bio Resources Co., Ltd., Samutsakhon, Thailand. Ascorbic acid and H₂O₂ (50%, v/v) were acquired from Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India. GAL, FER, CAF, CAT, and EGCG were obtained from Xi’an Julong Bio-Tech Co., Ltd. (Xi’an, China). Further, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, porcine pancreatic lipase, rat intestinal acetone powder, acarbose, orlistat, 4-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside (PNP-glycoside), and 4-methylumbelliferyl oleate (4-MU) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Chemicals used for AO activities were also acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Microbial media were bought from HiMedia Laboratories, Mumbai, India.

Mittal A., Singh A., Zhang B., Visessanguan W, & Benjakul S. (2022). Chitooligosaccharide Conjugates Prepared Using Several Phenolic Compounds via Ascorbic Acid/H2O2 Free Radical Grafting: Characteristics, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Antimicrobial Activities. Foods, 11(7), 920.

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Antioxidant Potential Evaluation

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Ascorbic acid (Loba Chemie), dimethyl sulphoxide (Alpha Chemika), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (Wako Pure Chemical), methanol (Fischer Scientific), Muller Hilton Agar (Himedia Laboratories), N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine (NEDD) (Loba Chemie), sodium nitroprusside (Fischer Scientific), and all the other required chemicals were obtained from various chemical suppliers as well from the Laboratory of School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara-30, Kaski, Nepal.

Gurung R., Adhikari S, & Parajuli K. (2020). Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Mimosa rubicaulis and Reinwardtia indica. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, 2020, 3862642.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Luminescent NCDs

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Thio urea, urea, cysteine, glycine and ascorbic acid were purchased from Loba Chemie Pvt Ltd (spectrograde), India. All these reagents were used directly by preparing their aqueous solution using distilled water (18.2 MΩ cm, Millipore). The NCDs were synthesized using a Multiwave-300 microwave synthesis reactor (Anton Paar, USA). A LS-55 spectro-fluorophotometer (PerkinElmer) was used to study its optoelectronic properties. The fluorescence lifetime for NCDs in the presence and absence of the analyte was well determined by time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) measurements using a delta-flex modular fluorescence lifetime system (HORIBA Scientific) equipped with a light-emitting diode (LED) light source (340 nm) with an instrument response function (IRF) of ∼200 ps. The synthesized NCDs were also characterized using a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) (TALOS F200S G2, 200 KV, FEG, CMOS Camera 4 K × 4 K, In Column EDS detectors) for the analysis of their surface morphology and particle size using a drop-casting technique. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR, Shimadzu QATR-S model), XPS, X-ray photoelectron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy techniques were carried out to gain better insights into the NCD surface.

Kainth S., Maity B, & Basu S. (2020). Label-free detection of creatinine using nitrogen-passivated fluorescent carbon dots. RSC Advances, 10(60), 36253-36264.

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Antioxidant and Enzyme Assays Protocol

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2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,4,6-Tripridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. supplied by Mumbai, India. Ascorbic acid, sodium acetate buffer (pH-3.6), glacial acidic acid, sodium acetate, were procured from Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India. Glucose-6-phoshtate were dehydrogenase (G6PDH), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (β-NADP) were purchased from Sisco Research Laboratory Pvt., Mumbai, India. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) were obtained from ARKRAY Healthcare Pvt. Ltd., India. STZ was bought from HiMedia, Mumbai, India. All other chemicals used were of analytical grade.

Ranjan B., Kumar R., Verma N., Mittal S., Pakrasi P.L, & Kumar R.V. (2017). Evaluation of the Antidiabetic Properties of S-1708 Mulberry Variety. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 13(Suppl 2), S280-S288.

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Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Evaluation

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The aluminum chloride, ascorbic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 2,2- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric chloride, Folin–Ciocalteau reagent, gallic acid, n-hexane, methanol, rutin, and sodium nitrite (NaNO₂) were purchased from Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM), nutrient broth, nutrient agar, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and resazurin were purchased from Himedia Laboratories Pvt. Limited, Mumbai, India. All the chemicals and reagents utilized in this study were of analytical grade.

Sharma S., Kumar V., Yaseen M., S. Abouzied A., Arshad A., Bhat M.A., Naglah A.M., Patel C.N., Sivakumar P.K., Sourirajan A., Shahzad A, & Dev K. (2023). Phytochemical Analysis, In Vitro Biological Activities, and Computer-Aided Analysis of Potentilla nepalensis Hook Compounds as Potential Melanoma Inhibitors Based on Molecular Docking, MD Simulations, and ADMET. Molecules, 28(13), 5108.

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Polypropylene Fabric Characterization

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Polypropylene fabric (100%) was supplied by Shikisen-sha Company (Osaka, Japan) with crystallinity (50.6%), melting enthalpy (105.8 J/g) [32 ], density (0.91 g/c.c), moisture regain (0%) and tenacity (3.5–8.0 g/den). Sodium hydrogen selenite, ascorbic acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were purchased from LobaChemie, India. Other chemicals were commercial grade.

AbouElmaaty T., Abdeldayem S.A., Ramadan S.M., Sayed-Ahmed K, & Plutino M.R. (2021). Coloration and Multi-Functionalization of Polypropylene Fabrics with Selenium Nanoparticles. Polymers, 13(15), 2483.

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Phytochemical Evaluation of L. abyssinica

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All of the chemicals and
reagents used in this research were of analytical grade. Silver nitrate
(AgNO₃, 99.8%, India), ferric chloride (FeCl₃, 99% from Loba Chemie, India), Muller-Hinton Agar (MHA, Merck chemical
company), chloroform (CHCl₃, 99.9%, Fisher Scientific U.K.
Limited, U.K.), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄, 98%),
sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 98%), ascorbic acid (C₆H₈O₆, 99.9%, Loba Chemie, India), hydrochloric acid (HCl,
37% India), DPPH (C₁₈H₁₂N₅O₆, 99%, Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), l-phenylalanine (C₉H₁₁NO₂, 98.5%, Loba Chemie, India), and l-histidine (C₆H₉N₃O₂, 1.449 g/cm³ Loba Chemie, India) were used. L. abyssinica plant leaves were collected from the
Guto Gida district, East Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, located 335
km from Addis Ababa at latitude: 9° 04′ 60.00″
N and longitude: 36° 32′ 59.99″ E.

Shumi G., Demissie T.B., Eswaramoorthy R., Bogale R.F., Kenasa G, & Desalegn T. (2023). Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Functionalized with Histidine and Phenylalanine Amino Acids for Potential Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities. ACS Omega, 8(27), 24371-24386.

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Antioxidant and Anti-Cholinesterase Assay

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Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM); Earle's BSS (Balanced Salt Solution); 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) (Himedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India). Methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) (3-[4, 5-dimethyIthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetra-zolium bromide); β-amyloid (1–40); Acetylthiocholine iodide (ATCI); acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AchE) from human erythrocyte; 5, 5-dithiobis [2-nitrobenzoic acid] (DTNB); galantamine; lipoxidase enzyme and linoleic acid were obtained from Sigma Ltd. (Mumbai, India). Ascorbic acid was procured from Loba Chemie (Mumbai, India). Scopolamine (99.98% pure) was obtained as a gift from Cadila Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (Goa, India). Scopolamine was dissolved in normal saline for i.p. injection. All the chemicals and reagents used in the experiments were of analytical grade. Pre-coated silica gel 60F₂₅₄ TLC plates were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).

Sethiya N.K., Nahata A., Singh P.K, & Mishra S.H. (2018). Neuropharmacological evaluation on four traditional herbs used as nervine tonic and commonly available as Shankhpushpi in India. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 10(1), 25-31.

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