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15 protocols using acrylic acid

1

Tunable Hydrogel Synthesis and Properties

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Acrylic acid (Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.), chitosan (Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.) and glucose (Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.) were used as the polymer monomers. Potassium persulfate (Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.) was used as the initiator. NN′-Methylenebisacrylamide (Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China) was the cross-linking agent. Other reagents such as sodium hydroxide, ethanol, copper nitrate pentahydrate and cobalt nitrate tetrahydrate were purchased from Shanghai McLean Biochemical Co., Ltd.
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2

Cement Composition and Additive Synthesis

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(1) The benchmark cement used in this study was produced by China United Cement Group Co., Ltd., (Beijing, China), and its chemical composition and physical properties are shown in Table 2. (2) Isopentenyl polyoxyethylene ether (IPEG, MW = 2400 g·mol−1, average degree of polymerization was produced by Jiahua Chemical Co., Ltd. (Jinhua, China) acrylic acid (AA), methacrylic acid (MAA), sodium methacrylate sulfonate (SMS), 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), and itaconic acid (IA) were all of chemical purity and purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) ammonium persulfate (APS) was produced by Jinan Fengle Chemical Co., Ltd. (Jinan, China) Sodium hexametaphosphate (SH) was produced by Jining Shunyida Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Jining, China) deionized water (W) was used throughout the experiments. The chemical composition and physical properties of the cement are shown in Table 2.
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3

Doxorubicin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles

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Tetraethyl orthosilicate, chitosan (Mw, 200 kDa; deacetylation degree, 85%), sodium tripolyphosphate, doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) and dimethyl sulfoxide were obtained from Aladdin Chemistry Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS, Mw, 3 kDa; deacetylation degree, 80%) was purchased from Golden-Shell Biochemical Co., Ltd. Diallyl disulfide, N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, nitric acid and acetic acid were purchased from Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Ceric ammonium nitrate, acrylic acid and methyl methacrylate were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Glutathione was purchased from Beijing Dingguo Changsheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa cells) and female BALB/c nude mice (5–6 weeks old, 18 ± 2 g) were supplied by Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. HeLa cells were cultivated in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotics. All cell line and animal experiments were executed in compliance with the Animal Management Rules of the Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China and approved by the Animal Care and Ethics Committee and Institutional Review Board of Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chine Academy of Sciences (Approval No. WIVA20201802).
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4

Synthesis of Chitosan-Laponite Hydrogels

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Chitosan, which has, when measured by viscometry, a molecular weight of 2.4 × 105 g·mol−1 and an 85% degree of deacetylation, was supplied by Haidebei Marine Bioengineering Co. (Jinan, China), refined twice by dissolution in a 0.1 mol·L−1 HCl solution, filtered, precipitated with ethanol, and finally dried in vacuo at 50 °C for 48 h. Laponite XLG (Mg5.34Li0.66Si8O20(OH)4Na0.66) was provided by Rockwood (Wesel, Germany). Acrylamide (AM, 98%), acrylic acid (AA, 98%), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS, 98%), potassium persulfate (KPS, 99%) and N,N′-methylenebisAcrylamide (MBA, 98%) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Other chemicals were analytical reagents and used as received.
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5

Amino-Functionalized Graphene Oxide Synthesis

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Amino-functionalized graphene oxide (NGO) was prepared by amination of graphene oxide through Hoffman rearrangement. The typical synthesis can be found in our previous work [20 (link)]. Methyl methacrylate (MMA), n-butyl acrylate (BA), acrylic acid (AA), hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), acrylamide (AM), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400, molecular weight 380–430 g/mol), ammonia water (NH3•H2O, 25–28%, aq.) and ammonium persulfate (APS) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. All chemicals were used as received without any further purification. Deionized water was used throughout the experiment.
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6

Synthesis of 4-Nitrophenol-Functionalized Cotton Fiber

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Acrylic acid (AA), silver nitrate, isopropyl alcohol, sodium borohydride and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) were all purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All chemicals and solvents were analytical reagent (AR). All chemicals and solvents were used as received without further purification. Cotton fiber membrane (CF) used in the experiment is commercial cotton fiber membrane material. The water used throughout all experiments was purified through a Millipore system.
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7

UHMWPE Fiber Graft Polymerization

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UHMWPE fiber (TYZ Safetex FT-103, size of 3.6 Denier), supplied by Beijing Tongyizhong Advanced Material Company, was used as a base material for pre-irradiation graft polymerization. 4-Hydroxybutyl acrylate glycidyl ether (4HB) was purchased from Suzhou University and was used without further purification. Ethylene diamine (EDA, AR), acrylonitrile (AN, CP), acrylic acid (AAc, AR), dimethylformamide (DMF, AR), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 1,4-dioxane, toluene, hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OH HCl), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium hydroxide (KOH) and concentrated nitric acid were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Company and were used without further purification. All standard metal ion solutions with 1000 ppm concentrations were purchased from SPEX CertiPrep Company. Deionized water was used for all experiments except where otherwise noted.
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8

Fluorinated Methacrylate Polymer Synthesis

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Trifluoroethyl methacrylate (G03, 96+%), hexafluorobutyl methacrylate (G02, 96+%) and dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (G04, 96+%), were supplied by XEOGIA Fluorine-Silicon Chemical Co., Ltd. Isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA, 85%) was purchased from Sahn Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. Styrene (St, 99.5+%), acrylic acid (AA, 99.5+%) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO, 99.7+%) were from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (KH-570, 98%) was provided by Jining Huakai Resin Co., Ltd. Dimethyl carbonate (DMC, 99+%) and ethanol (EtOH, 99.5+%) were supplied by Shanghai Gaoyun Chemical Co., Ltd. All reagents and solvent were used as received without further purification. The old bricks with dimensions 22 cm × 10 cm × 4 cm were obtained from Hongcun village, Yixian county, Anhui province, 300 years ago and cut into 5 cm × 5 cm × 1 cm for water vapor permeability test, 1 cm × 1 cm × 2 cm for the water contact angle measurement, water absorption by total immersion, freeze–thaw cycles test and soluble salts aging test.
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9

Synthesis of Functional Polymer Materials

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Acrylic acid (AA), polypropylene glycol 2000 (PPG, Mn = 2000), p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH), hydroquinone, sodium bicarbonate (Na2CO3), polypropylene glycol monobutyl ether 2500 (PPGM, Mn = 2500), petroleum ether (PE), ethanol (EtOH), ethyl acetate (EA), toluene (TL), tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetone (CP), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and benzene were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate 500 (PEGMA, Mn = 500), poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate 700 (PEGDA, Mn = 700), 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone and 2-hydroxy-4′-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methyl benzophenone were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All chemicals used were of reagent grade without further purification.
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10

Synthesis of Polymer Composites

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Styrene (St, 99.5%), acrylic acid (AA, 98%), and ammonium persulfate (APS, 98%) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. PEIs with Mn values of 600 Da, 10 kDa, 60 kDa, and 2000 kDa were purchased from different sources of Innochem, Sigma Aldrich, and Wuhan Lullaby Pharmaceutical Chemical Co., Ltd.. All chemicals were of analytical grade and used as received.
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