Insulin in solution

γ‐secretase inhibitor MRK‐003 was a gift of Merck & Co. (Whitehouse Station, NJ). 5 μM MRK‐003 was used in most experiments; exceptions are reported in figures and/or legends. Torin 1 (1‐[4‐[4‐(1‐Oxopropyl)‐1‐piperazinyl]‐3‐(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]‐9‐(3‐quinolinyl)‐benzo[h]‐1,6‐naphthyridin‐2(1H)‐one) (Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, UK) was dissolved in DMSO and used at a final concentration of 0.250 μM. Roscovitine (Cell Signaling) was dissolved in DMSO and used at a final concentration of 20 μM. UO126 (Selleck Chemicals, Huston, TX) was dissolved in DMSO, and used at a final concentration of 10 μM. Silvestrol (Medchemexpress LLC, Princeton, NJ) was dissolved in DMSO and used at a final concentration of 0.04 μM and 0.1 μM. Homoharringtonine (Tocris) was dissolved in DMSO and used at a final concentration of 0.1 μM. Insulin in solution (Sigma–Aldrich) was diluted in sterile PBS and used at the specified concentrations. pcDNA3‐RLUC‐POLIRES‐FLUC was a gift from Nahum Sonenberg (McGill University, Montreal); pCDF1‐MCS1‐EF1‐cop GFP expressing the APP C‐terminal 59 aa was a gift from Dr. Xiao Z.C. (Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore); full length APP 695 in pCAX vector was from Addgene (Cambridge, MA). We used the empty plasmids as transfection controls.