Cycloastragenol (1 ), astragaloside IV (4 ), astragaloside III (5 ), and cycloartenol (7 ) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Cycloastragenol-3-O-β-d -xyloside (2 ) and Cycloastragenol-6-O-β-d -glucoside (3 ) were prepared by acid hydrolysis of 4 28 (link). UDP-xylose (UDP-Xyl) and UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) were purchased from Beijing BG Biotech Co. Ltd. (Beijing, China). KOD-Plus DNA Polymerase was purchased from Toyobo Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Primer synthesis was conducted at Generay Company (Shanghai, China), and DNA sequencing was performed at Tsingke Biotech Company (Beijing, China). Restriction enzymes and DNA ligase were purchased from Takara Biotechnology Co. Ltd. (Dalian, China).
Cycloartenol
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Cycloartenol is a naturally occurring triterpene alcohol found in various plant species. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of plant sterols and serves as a precursor for the production of other triterpene compounds. As a laboratory reagent, cycloartenol is utilized in research applications focused on the study of plant metabolism and the development of plant-derived pharmaceuticals and other products.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
β sitosterol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Squalene, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Campesterol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Lathosterol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Desmosterol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Fucosterol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Lanosterol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Stigmasterol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Brassicasterol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Zymosterol, by Avanti Polar Lipids (2 mentions)
Restriction enzyme, by Takara Bio (1 mentions)
Dna ligase, by Takara Bio (1 mentions)
Cycloastragenol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Astragaloside 4, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Kod plus dna polymerase, by Toyobo (1 mentions)
Toluene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trimethylsilyldiazomethane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
7 dehydrocholesterol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
5α cholestane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Carlo Erba (1 mentions)
7 protocols using cycloartenol
1
Isolation and Characterization of Astragalosides
2
Quantification of Triterpene Production
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Squalene, 2,3-oxidosqualene, cycloartenol and lupeol were quantified using calibration curves obtained with commercial references (Sigma-aldrich). β-sitosterol (Sigma-aldrich) was used as an internal standard. Triterpene production was calculated based on LC-MS data as product titer in the culture (mg L-1), as cell-density normalized specific titer (mg L-1 OD-1), and as specific yield per dry cell weight (mg gDCW-1), all determined as end point values after the cultivation duration of 52 h (R. capsulatus) and 168 h (i.e. 116 h after cobalt-induction; Synechocystis), respectively. In addition, the volumetric and specific productivities (μg L-1 h-1 and μg gDCW-1 h-1) were calculated as averaged values per h cultivation. Squalene productivity in Synechocystis was calculated for the complete cultivation duration (168 h), since squalene production was not induced. Productivity for further triterpenes was calculated in reference to the 116 h period after induction.
3
Sterol Profiling by GC-MS
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Cholesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol, lathosterol (5α-cholest-7-en-3β-ol), squalene, campesterol, brassicasterol, desmosterol, lanosterol, fucosterol, cycloartenol, and 5α-cholestane (internal standard) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, France), cycloartanol and cycloeucalenol from Chemfaces (Wuhan, China), and zymosterol from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, United States). The C7-C40 Saturated Alkanes Standards were acquired from Supelco (Bellefonte, United States). Reagents used for extraction, saponification, and derivation steps were n-hexane, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, methanol (Carlo ERBA Reagents, Val de Reuil, France), (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane, toluene (Sigma-Aldrich) and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide with trimethylcholorosilane [BSTFA:TMCS (99:1); Supelco].
4
Phytochemical Compound Acquisition
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α-Amyrin, β-amyrin, lupeol, cycloartenol, betulinic acid, oleanolic acid, dichloroisocyanuric acid, salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, and abscisic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Dammarenediol II was purchased from ChemFaces (Wuhan, China). Gibberellin A3 was purchased from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany).
5
Fatty Acid and Sterol Profiling
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The sesame oil, rapeseed oil, and soybean oil were purchased from local markets (Wuhan, Hubei, China). Before being used for analysis, all samples were stored in the dark. The standard samples of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), brassicasterol, ergosterol, campesterol, campestanol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, Δ5-avenasterol, cycloartanol, cycloartenol, 24-methylene-cycloartenol, and cholestanol were purchased from the Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Daidzin, daidzein, genistin, and genistein were purchased from the Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co. (Shanghai, China). Methyl sterculate (C20H36O2, Purity ≥ 98 %) and methyl malvalate (C19H34O2, purity ≥ 95 %) were purchased from the Matreya Lipid and Biochemistry Technology Co., Ltd., USA. All solvents used were of analytical grade, and all standards were stored at −20 °C in darkness.
6
Lipid Standards for Biochemical Assays
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Squalene, cholesterol, β-sitosterol, lanosterol, cycloartenol, campesterol, lathosterol, desmosterol, fucosterol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylcholine and ceramide phosphorylethanolamine were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Zymosterol was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA) and ergosterol was purchased from Supelco (Sigma-Aldrich Sweden AB, Stockholm, Sweden). All other growth media components were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA) and were of microbiological grade.
7
Simultaneous Quantification of Sterols
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All chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade unless mentioned otherwise. Methanol and dichloromethane were from Avantor (Poland). Ethyl acetate was from Acros Organics (Belgium). Potassium hydroxide (85%) and anhydrous sodium sulfate were obtained from Merck (Germany). N,O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide with 1% trimethylchlorosilane (BSTFA:TMCS, 99:1, v/v), anhydrous pyridine, squalene (≥ 98%), cholesterol (99%), and cycloartenol (≥ 90%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). Fucosterol (≥ 98%) and desmosterol (≥ 98%) were from Cayman Chemical (USA), epicoprostanol (99.8%) from United States Pharmacopeia (Rockville, USA), and 24-methylenecholesterol (> 99%) was from Avanti Polar Lipids (USA).
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