Twenty-four albino male rats (Ratus novergicus) with an average weight of 140 g used for this study were purchased from the Animal Holding Unit of the Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. ATR-MET is a product of First Chemical Co Ltd, Changxing, Zhejiang China. GSH, 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), 5′, 5′-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), epinephrine and hydrogen peroxide were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company (London, UK). ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides kits were obtained from Randox Laboratories Ltd, Antrim UK. All other chemicals and reagent were of analytical grade and were obtained from British Drug House, Poole, UK.
Urea
Manufactured by Randox
Sourced in United Kingdom
Urea is a clinical chemistry analyzer for the quantitative determination of urea in human serum, plasma, and urine samples. It is a key parameter used in the assessment of kidney function and can provide valuable diagnostic information for various medical conditions.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Creatinine, by Randox (8 mentions)
Bilirubin, by Randox (4 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Total cholesterol, by Randox (2 mentions)
Hdl cholesterol, by Randox (2 mentions)
Ldl cholesterol, by Randox (2 mentions)
Glutathione gsh 1 chloro 2 4 dinitrobenzene cdnb 5 5 dithiobis 2 nitrobenzoic acid dtnb thiobarbituric acid tba epinephrine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Uric acid, by Randox (2 mentions)
Glutathione (gsh), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sulphosalicylic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Lead acetate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
O dianisidine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Xanthine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Furan, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dcfh da, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium azide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Griess reagent, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Epinephrine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nitrobenzene, by BD (1 mentions)
Creatinine assay kits, by Randox (1 mentions)
9 protocols using urea
1
Albino Rat Biochemical Assays
2
Hepatorenal Biomarkers Quantification Protocol
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The chemicals, reagents and kits used to determine the hepatorenal, redox, inflammatory and apoptotic biomarkers in the liver and kidney of rats following subacute exposure of rats to PbAc and Furan were purchased from recognised chemical companies. Specifically, Lead Acetate, Furan, TBA: thiobarbituric acid, DCFH-DA: 2’, 7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate, DTNB: 5’, 5’-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid, CDNB: 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, H2O2: hydrogen peroxide, KCl: potassium chloride, TCA: trichloroacetic acid, sodium azide, GSH: glutathione, epinephrine, sulphosalicylic acid, xanthine, Griess reagent, and O-dianisidine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical (MO, USA); ALT: Alanine aminotransferase, AST: Aspartate aminotransferase, ALP: Alkaline phosphatase, urea, and creatinine were bought from Randox™ Laboratories Limited, (Crumlin, UK); and IL-1β: Interleukin 1-beta, IL-10: interleukin-10, 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, caspase-9 and caspase-3 were bought from Elabscience Biotechnology Company (Wuhan, China).
3
Nitrobenzene, Vitamin E, and Biochemical Assays
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High purity (˃ 99.7 %) Nitrobenzene was obtained from BDH chemical Poole England. Vitamin E (Alpha Tocopherol) is a product of Embassy pharmaceuticals, Nigeria. Urea, creatinine assay kits are diagnostic kits from Randox. All other chemicals are of the analytical grade and were obtained from Analar BDH Limited, Poole, England and Sigma-Aldrich Co. St Louis, Missouri, USA.
4
Moxifloxacin-Induced Oxidative Stress
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Moxifloxacin hydrochloride (Avelox) was a product of Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceutics, Leverkusen, Germany. Glutathione (GSH), 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), 5′,5′-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), epinephrine, and hydrogen peroxide were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company (London, UK). Assay kits for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), urea, creatinine, bilirubin, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides were products of Randox Laboratories Ltd., Antrim, UK. All other chemicals and reagents used in this study were of analytical grade.
5
Haloxyfop-p-methyl ester Biochemical Assay
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Haloxyfop-p-methyl ester (Gallant Super®) was purchased from Zhejiang Jinfanda Biochemical Co., Ltd., Zhejiang, China. Glutathione, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene(CDNB), 5,5′-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), epinephrine and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were obtained from Sigma® Chemical Company, London, U.K. Assay kits for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), gamma glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), urea, creatinine and bilirubin were products of RANDOX® Laboratories Ltd., Antrim, U.K. The assay kit for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was obtained from Cypress Diagnostics, Langdorp, Belgium. All other reagents employed were of analytical grade and highest purity.
6
Capecitabine Hepatotoxicity Evaluation
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The substances used include the following: Capecitabine tablets (Xeloda®), a product of Rochie Product Ltd., Castle Hill, Australia; Glutathione (GSH), 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), 5’,5’-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), epinephrine and hydrogen peroxide were purchased from Sigma® Chemical Company (London, UK); alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), Urea, creatinine and bilirubin kits were obtained from RANDOX® Laboratories Ltd., Antrim, UK. All other chemicals and reagent were of analytical grade and were obtained from British Drug House, Poole, UK.
7
Biochemical Assays and Cytokine Quantification
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RES raw powders were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA), while ISO injection was obtained from a local pharmacy. L-RES was purchased from Lipolife, UK. L-RES has a particle size less than 200 nm with a neutral zeta potential as stated by the manufacturer. Urea, creatinine and uric acid biochemical assays were supplied from Randox, Crumlin, UK. IL-6 ELISA kit was obtained from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). MAPK, cystatin c and β-actin antibodies were purchased from Novus Biologicals (Centennial, CO, USA). The PCR primers were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).
8
Analysis of Medicinal Plant Compounds
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Fresh samples of the sclerotia of P. tuberregium were purchased from Mile 1 Market in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, while fresh leaves of C. aconitifolius (hospital too far) were collected from Farm Gardens in Aluu Community of Rivers State, Nigeria, and were duly identified as previously reported (Ikewuchi and Ikewuchi, 2009 , 2011 ; Ikewuchi et al., 2013a (link),b , 2014 (link), 2017 (link); Ifeanacho et al., 2019a (link),b , 2020 (link)). Ninety Wistar rats (weight 80–130 g) were obtained from the Animal House of the Department of Physiology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, and urea kits were the products of Randox Laboratories Ltd., County Antrim, UK.
9
Biochemical Diagnostics Using Commercial Kits
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Urea, uric acid, creatinine, and enzyme diagnostic kits (ALT, AST, ALP and ACP) were obtained from Randox Laboratories Limited, United Kingdom. Sodium benzoate salt is a product of May and Baker Ltd. Dagenham, England. All other chemicals which are products of Sigma Chemical Company, St Louis, USA were of analytical grade and were prepared in the laboratory in double glass distilled water.
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