X ray diffraction

The as-prepared His@MNPs were characterized by using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). To examine the element compositions, the energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) (Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA) was employed. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of His@MNPs were obtained using FT-IR spectrophotometer (FT-IR-4600, JASCO, Easton, MD, USA). The crystal structure of nanomaterials was determined by utilizing X-ray diffraction (Rigaku Corporation, Tokyo, Japan).

FTIR (Perkin-Elmer Spectrum Two) spectra in the 4000–400 cm⁻¹ spectral range were used for the ATR-FTIR spectra. X-ray diffraction (Rigaku, Cedar Park, TX, USA, PANALYTICAL) was performed in the 10° to 80° 2θ scan range at a scan rate of 0.50 min⁻¹. SEM (Hitachi S-4800, Tokyo, Japan) was used to study the structure of the PBAT film-coated paper. The coated paper morphology was measured with an SEM working at 15 kV.

X-ray diffraction (Rigaku Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) was used to investigate the phase composition of the diamond/Al composites before and after corrosion at a scan rate of 10 °/min, using Cu-Kα radiation. Microstructural characterization of composites was performed by using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (HELIOS NanoscaleLab 600i, Hillsboro, OR, USA). Three-point bending test was completed by Instron 5569 (Instron, Boston, MA, USA) universal electrical tensile testing machine, with a loading rate of 0.5 mm/min and a span of 30 mm. The dimensions of the samples were 3 mm × 4 mm × 36 mm. The thermal diffusion coefficient k of diamond/aluminum composite was measured by Netzsch LFA 467 Nanoflash instrument (Netzsch, GmbH, Selb, Germany) with the sample dimension of Φ12.7 mm × 3 mm. The thermal conductivity of the composites was determined by the formula λ = k·ρ·c, where ρ and c represent the density and specific heat capacity of the composite, respectively.

Commercial 2.0 mm borosilicate glass bead (Sigma Aldrich) was utilized as a support under DBD plasma condition. Then, various metal oxides were loaded on the spherical glass bead. The catalyst was prepared by following procedure^{32 (link)}. The glass beads were etched with 5 M NaOH (≥98%, Sigma Aldrich) solution at 100 °C, followed by immersing it in a suspension of metal oxide. Next, the mixture was dried at 19 120 °C for 1 h and washed with distilled water. The operation was repeated several times until the glass beads were no longer transparent with desired content of metal oxide. MnO (99%, Sigma Aldrich), Mn₂O₃ (99.9%, Sigma Aldrich), MnO₂ (≥99%, Sigma Aldrich), Fe₂O₃ (≥99%, Sigma Aldrich), NiO (99%, Sigma Aldrich), and Co₃O₄ (99.5%, Sigma Aldrich) were used as metal oxides. Fixed amount (1 wt%) of metal oxides were loaded to each of the catalysts. 4.0 g of catalysts were used in the reaction. X-Ray Diffraction (RIGAKU SMARTLAB) with a Cu Kα radiation operated at 40 kV and 50 mA was utilized to verify the solid-state phases of the catalysts. In addition, the N₂ adsorption/desorption method by an ASAP 2010 instrument (Micromeritics Co.) was employed in order to obtain the specific surface area of the catalysts.