Orthodontic resin

Manufactured by Dentsply

Sourced in United States

Orthodontic resin is a laboratory product used in the fabrication of dental appliances. It is a material designed for use in the construction of orthodontic devices, such as retainers and aligners, to support and correct the alignment of teeth.

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Lab products found in correlation

Diamond disk, by Buehler (3 mentions) Lsm 780, by Zeiss (2 mentions) Metaserv 250, by Buehler (1 mentions) Relyx u200, by 3M (1 mentions) Model 6022, by Instron (1 mentions) Thymol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)

12 protocols using orthodontic resin

Evaluating Dental Restorative Materials

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A cuboidal disc (20 mm × 10 mm × 5 mm) of GFRC (Figaro Crowns 2nd Generation Inc., Woodberry, USA) and the cuboidal disc of ZR (20 mm × 10 mm × 5 mm) (Kids-e-Dental, Mumbai, India) were supplied by manufacturers as per our recommendations. Prepared specimens were fixed with an acrylic resin (orthodontic resin, Dentsply, Philadelphia, PA, USA) using uniform moulds. A single operator prepared all specimens (Figure 1).
Forty-five primary canines lacking preexisting cuspal wear, caries, and fractures extracted for orthodontic reasons were included in the study out of 67 collected teeth after applying exclusion criteria. The extracted specimens were collected, stored in normal saline, sterilized, and handled according to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines and regulations. The primary canine specimens were prepared by mounting them in an acrylic resin (orthodontic resin, Dentsply, Philadelphia, PA, USA), measuring 20 mm × 20 mm × 10 mm, and approximately 5 mm cusps of the primary canine teeth were exposed (Figure 1(a)).

Talekar A., Chaudhari G., Mallineni S.K., Kothare S., Patil A., Musale P., Chunawala Y, & Choubey S. (2021). Ex Vivo Assessment of Natural Teeth Wear against Zirconia and Novel Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Composite Crowns in Primary Teeth by a Three-Dimensional Assessment Method. International Journal of Dentistry, 2021, 9670982.

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Horizontal Sectioning of Root Specimens

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After 2 weeks, the roots were fixed centrally and vertically in orthodontic resin (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA).
Each specimen was sectioned horizontally using a diamond disk (Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL, USA) with a slow-speed handpiece (25,000 rpm) at 2 and 4 mm from the apex. The cut samples were then mounted onto glass slides, and the coronal surface underwent a polishing phase using sandpapers of 500, 700, and 1200 grit under running water to eliminate the dentin debris that could be produced during root canal shaping produce a clear reflective surface. The samples examined with confocal laser microscopy were 2 mm thick.

Abdellatif D., Amato A., Calapaj M., Pisano M, & Iandolo A. (2022). A novel modified obturation technique using biosealers: An ex vivo study. Journal of Conservative Dentistry : JCD, 24(4), 369-373.

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Embedding and Sectioning Dental Specimens

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After two weeks, the roots were embedded centrally and vertically in orthodontic resin (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA). Specimens were stored at 100% humidity at room temperature for the remainder of the study (6–7 weeks). Each specimen was horizontally sectioned using a diamond disk (Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL, USA) with a slow speed (25,000 rpm) hand-piece 1 and 5 mm from the root apex. Samples were then mounted onto glass slides and the coronal surface was polished using sandpapers of 500, 700, and 1200 grit under running water to eliminate the dentin debris produced during root canal shaping and to produce a good reflective surface. The samples submitted to confocal laser microscopy were 2 mm thick.

El Hachem R., Le Brun G., Le Jeune B., Pellen F., Khalil I, & Abboud M. (2018). Influence of the EndoActivator Irrigation System on Dentinal Tubule Penetration of a Novel Tricalcium Silicate-Based Sealer. Dentistry Journal, 6(3), 45.

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Implant Fixture Mounting Protocol

Cited 1 time

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Two implants (SICace®, Schilli Implantology Circle, Switzerland) with 4mm diameter and 11.5 mm height were used. The abutment had 4.5 mm diameter and 8.5 mm height with 1.5 mm gingival height. First, the first fixture was mounted in a polymethyl methacrylate resin block (Orthodontic Resin, Dentsply Caulk, USA) using a surveyor. Then, the second fixture was mounted parallel to the first fixture using a surveyor, in a way that the distance between the centers of the two fixtures was 19 mm [22 (link)], in order to simulate the missing of mandibular first molar in the clinical setting [21 (link),22 (link)]. Titanium abutments were then placed on the implants using 20 N/cm torque (Fig. 1-A). A resin jig (Pattern Resin, GC, Japan) was then fabricated over the abutments. The rest of the samples were mounted using this jig. All 28 resin blocks were randomly divided into two groups of 14 for the fabrication of full contour zirconia and pre-sintered Co-Cr alloy FPDs.

Vafaee F., Firouz F., Khoshhal M., Hooshyarfard A., Shahbazi A, & Roshanaei G. (2017). Fatigue Fracture Strength of Implant-Supported Full Contour Zirconia and Metal Ceramic Fixed Partial Dentures. Journal of Dentistry (Tehran, Iran), 14(3), 165-172.

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Surface Energy and Shear Bond Strength of Y-TZP

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The 24 fully sintered Y-TZP cubes (10 mm length, 10 mm width, and 10 mm height) (LUXEN, DentalMax, Seoul, Korea) were prepared to analyze the surface energy and 160 fully sintered Y-TZP discs (5 mm diameter, 3 mm height) were prepared for shear bond strength. For all disc type specimens, all surfaces except for the top were embedded into an acrylic resin (Orthodontic resin, Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany) to be treated (Figure 1a). All specimens were polished to 600 grit and 800 grit silicon carbide paper under water cooling using a grinding machine (MetaServ 250, Buehler, Lake Blu, IL, USA).

Ahn J.J., Kim D.S., Bae E.B., Kim G.C., Jeong C.M., Huh J.B, & Lee S.H. (2020). Effect of Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (NTP) and Zirconia Primer Treatment on Shear Bond Strength between Y-TZP and Resin Cement. Materials, 13(18), 3934.

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Evaluating Ceramic Coping Fit using CSM

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The CSM measurements were conducted as illustrated in Figure 4. Self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U200; 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) was mixed according to the manufacturer’s instructions and injected into the prosthesis. After adaptation to the abutment tooth, the prosthesis was pressed for ten minutes at a force of 10 Ncm, using a universal testing machine (Model 6022; Instron Co., Canton, MA, USA) since previous studies have shown that a force of 10 Ncm would not fracture the ceramic coping [38 (link),49 (link)]. In addition, to avoid fracturing the zirconia coping while cutting, the sample was embedded using auto polymerizing acrylic resin (Orthodontic Resin; Dentsply Sirona, York, PA, USA). After the resin was cured, the sample was cut precisely into four pieces using a cutting machine (TechCut 4; Allied High-Tech Products, Compton, CA, USA) according to the analysis guide template. Images were then captured at 160 × magnification using an industrial video microscope system (IMS 1080P; SOMETECH, Seoul, Korea) (Figure 4A). The captured images were loaded into a software (ITPlus 5.0; SOMETECH, Seoul, Korea) to measure the gaps. Using the tools provided by the software, the desired positions were selected in the coping and abutment, and the gaps were measured.

Son K., Lee S., Kang S.H., Park J., Lee K.B., Jeon M, & Yun B.J. (2019). A Comparison Study of Marginal and Internal Fit Assessment Methods for Fixed Dental Prostheses. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(6), 785.

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Maxillary Premolar Extraction Protocol

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This study was conducted at King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, from November 2018 to March 2019 after the approval of ethical committee (Ref. No. IR 0331). In this study, 60 human maxillary premolars were collected after orthodontic extractions. The teeth were cleansed and stored in 0.1% thymol solution (thymol, Fisher Scientific, NJ, USA). All teeth were mounted in orthodontic acrylic resin (Orthodontic Resin, Dentsply caulk, DE, USA) vertically, 2mm below the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) using a polyvinyl carbonate section.

Vohra F., Altwaim M., Alshuwaier A.S., Deeb M.A., Alfawaz Y., Alrabiah M, & Abduljabbar T. (2020). Influence of Bioactive, Resin and Glass Ionomer luting cements on the fracture loads of dentin bonded ceramic crowns. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 36(3), 416-421.

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Fabricating Teeth Mounting Mold

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A custom-made mold of rubber silicone was fabricated (ExaFast putty, GC America Inc., Alsip, IL, USA). To mount teeth, the mold was filled with an acrylic resin (Orthodontic Resin, Dentsply/Caulk, Milford, DE, USA) where roots of each tooth were imbedded. Coronally, colored nail polish (Revelon Corp, New York, NY, USA) was applied all around cavity margins at a ∼1 mm distance from the tooth-restoration interface. This prevents the silver nitrate from penetrating the crown surface from areas other than the tooth-restoration interface.

Ashy L.M, & Marghalani H. (2022). Internal and Marginal Adaptation of Adhesive Resin Cements Used for Luting Inlay Restorations: An In Vitro Micro-CT Study. Materials, 15(17), 6161.

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Quantifying Root Canal Sealer Penetration

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After 14 days, the roots were fixed centrally and vertically in orthodontic resin (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA).
Each specimen was sectioned horizontally utilizing a diamond disk (Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL, USA) attached to a low-speed handpiece (25,000 rpm) at 2 and 4 mm from the apex. The cut specimens were then mounted onto glass slides, and the coronal surface underwent a polishing phase using sandpapers of 500, 700, and 1200 grit under running water to eradicate the dentin debris that could be created during root preparation to produce a clear reflective surface. The samples examined with confocal laser microscopy were 2 mm thick, and analysis of the roots using confocal laser scanning microscopic imaging.
Root canal segments were studied with a Zeiss confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) (Carl Zeiss, LSM 780, Jena, Germany) at 10 magnifications and set in fluorescent mode (at a wavelength of 514 nm) in Figure 1. Digital images were uploaded into ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). The sealer penetration depths into the dentinal tubules were measured at the maximum depth for each specimen.
The measurements were made by operators blinded to which samples corresponded to which Group (A, B, or C). The measurements were repeated twice to ensure reproducibility.

Abdellatif D., Pisano M., Gullà R., Sangiovanni G., Singh S., Giordano F., Buonavoglia A, & Iandolo A. (2024). Dentinal tubule penetration following ultrasonic, sonic, and single-cone technique of a biosealer: An ex vivo study. Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, 27(3), 331-336.

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Primary Canine Tooth Preparation for Research

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The antagonists used in this study were primary canines with no cusp wear that were naturally dropped during transition to permanent dentition. They were collected under the approval of the Institutional Review Board of Pusan National University Dental Hospital (IRB no. PNUDH-2017-029). The collected teeth were washed with ultrasonic cleaner before use and stored in deionised water at 37 °C for 24 h. The cusps of the primary canine teeth were exposed by 5 mm using a mold of height 10 mm, width 20 mm, and depth 10 mm, and fixed using an acrylic resin (Orthodontic resin, Dentsply, PA, USA). Severely worn or broken teeth and teeth with caries were excluded (Figure 1a).

Choi J.W., Song E.J., Shin J.H., Jeong T.S, & Huh J.B. (2017). In Vitro Investigation of Wear of CAD/CAM Polymeric Materials Against Primary Teeth. Materials, 10(12), 1410.

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