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14 protocols using aperio cs o slide scanner

1

Immunohistochemical Staining of Formalin-Fixed Tissue

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CD3 (Dako A0452), PHOX2B (Abcam ab183741), and HLA-ABC (Abcam ab70328) antibodies were used to stain formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue slides. Staining was performed on a Bond Max automated staining system (Leica Biosystems). The Bond Refine polymer staining kit (Leica Biosystems, DS9800) was used. The standard protocol was followed with the exception of the primary antibody incubation which was extended to 1 h at room temperature. CD3, PHOX2B and HLA-ABC antibodies were at 1:100, 1:500 and 1:1,200 dilutions, respectively. Antigen retrieval was performed with E1 (Leica Biosystems) retrieval solution for 20 min (E2 for PHOX2B). Slides were rinsed, dehydrated through a series of ascending concentrations of ethanol and xylene, then coverslipped. Stained slides were then digitally scanned at 20× magnification on an Aperio CS-O slide scanner (Leica Biosystems).
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2

Quantifying NET Expression in Neuroblastoma PDXs

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Tumors excised from mice were fixed with 10% buffered formalin phosphate (Thermo Fisher Scientific), paraffin embedded, and sectioned for staining with the hNET antibody (NET17-1 antibody, MAb Technologies, catalog no. NET17-1, RRID:AB_2921285) as described previously (3 (link)). NET17-1 antibody was used to stain a tissue microarray containing 34 neuroblastoma patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and nine normal control tissues. Staining was performed on a Bond RXm automated staining system (Leica Biosystems). NET17-1 antibody was used at 1:500 dilution and antigen retrieval was performed with E1 retrieval solution (Leica Biosystems) for 20 minutes. Stained slides were then digitally scanned at 20× magnification on an Aperio CS-O slide scanner (Leica Biosystems). Image analysis was performed using Qupath open source software (30 (link)). Cytoplasmic staining intensity (0–3) was multiplied by percentage of positive cells to calculate an H-Score. The H-score was averaged between two cores from two different tumors for each tumor model.
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3

Neuroblastoma PDX Immunohistochemistry Protocol

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Tumors excised from mice were fixed with 10% buffered formalin phosphate (Fisher Scientific), paraffin embedded, and sectioned for staining with the hNET antibody (NET17-1 antibody, MAb Technologies, Cat# NET17-1, RRID:AB_2921285) as described previously (3 (link)). NET17-1 antibody was used to stain a tissue microarray containing 34 neuroblastoma patient derived xenograft (PDX) models and 9 normal control tissues. Staining was performed on a Bond RXm automated staining system (Leica Biosystems). NET17-1 antibody was used at 1:500 dilution and antigen retrieval was performed with E1 retrieval solution (Leica Biosystems) for 20 minutes. Stained slides were then digitally scanned at 20x magnification on an Aperio CS-O slide scanner (Leica Biosystems). Image analysis was performed using Qupath open source software (30 (link)). Cytoplasmic staining intensity (0–3) was multiplied by percentage of positive cells to calculate an H-Score. The H-score was averaged between two cores from two different tumors for each tumor model.
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4

IHC Staining Protocol for ALK Expression

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IHC with rabbit anti-ALK clone D5F3 (Cell Signaling, catalog no. 3633) antibody was performed using a Bond Max automated staining system (Leica Biosystems. DS9263). Avidin/Biotin solution (Vector Labs, SP-2001) and Protein Block (Dako, X0909) were added. Anti-ALK antibody was used at 1:500 dilution, and antigen retrieval was performed with E2 (Leica Microsystems) retrieval solution for 20 min. Slides were rinsed, dehydrated through a series of ascending concentrations of ethanol and xylene, and then coverslipped. Stained slides were then digitally scanned on an Aperio CSO slide scanner (Leica Biosystems). The expression of ALK was evaluated using H-scores. The H-scores consisted of an assessment of the intensity of staining and the percentage of the staining area having a given intensity. Only stained malignant cells were assessed. The samples were grouped into the following four categories based on the intensity of nuclear staining: none (0), weak (1), medium (2), and strong (3). The indexed sum was obtained by multiplying the intensity grade by the percentage of staining area.
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5

Histological Evaluation of Dental Specimens

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Teeth were fixed in formalin for 48 h and hemisected axially using an Isomet slow‐speed diamond saw (Buehler). Half were demineralized in acetic acid/formalin/sodium chloride, embedded in paraffin, sectioned buccolingually at 5‐μm thickness, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome. Images were acquired using an Aperio CSO Slide Scanner (Leica Biosystems).
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ALI Histology and Immunohistochemistry Protocol

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ALI were harvested on day 14, then fixed in formalin, paraffin-embedded and serially sectioned. Slides were deparaffinized in xylene and rehydrated thru a series of ethanol washes. Histology slides were stained in hematoxylin, rinsed, then stained in eosin (Azer Scientific) on a Shandon Gemini automated stainer (ThermoFisher). Immunohistochemistry slides were incubated with E1 (Leica Biosystems) immunohistochemistry antigen retrieval solution for 20min. Claudin-1 (1:50; LS Bio LS-C415827; 1hour primary incubation) and ZO-1 (1:50; Sigma HPA001636; 1hour primary incubation) antibodies were used for staining with Bond Refine polymer staining kit on the Bond-Max automated staining system (Leica Biosystems).
All stained slides were dehydrated in ascending ethanol and xylene washes before coverslipping with cytoseal (Fisher Scientific, USA). Stained slides were digitally scanned at 20x magnification on an Aperio CS-O slide scanner (Leica Biosystems). ALI membrane thickness, number of basolateral nuclei per 100 μm, percent dilated intracellular space and percent strong 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining intensity were calculated using Aperio imaging software algorithms.
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7

Immunohistochemical Analysis of HDAC1 and HDAC2

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HDAC1 (Cell Signaling, 34589T) and HDAC2 (Sigma, SAB4501384-1004G) antibodies were used to stain formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue slides. Staining was performed on a Bond Max automated staining system (Leica Biosystems) using the Bond Refine polymer staining kit (Leica Biosystems, DS9800). The standard protocol was followed with the exception that primary antibody incubation which was extended to 1 h at room temperature. HDAC1 and HDAC2 antibodies were used at 1:200, and 1:1000 dilutions respectively and antigen retrieval was performed with E2 (Leica Biosystems) retrieval solution for 20 min. Slides were rinsed, dehydrated, cover-slipped and digitally scanned at 20 × magnification on an Aperio CS-O slide scanner (Leica Biosystems) prior to evaluation.
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8

Lung Pathology Evaluation in Influenza-Infected Mice

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Flu infected and control mice were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation, and their tracheas cannulated with a 20 G flexible catheter (Surflo, Terumo, Philippines). The lungs were gently lavaged with 600 µl of PBS in four passes. The supernatant from the first pass was collected and used for further analyses. The cells from all four passes were pooled and re-suspended in 1 ml of PBS and counted using a Nexcelcom cell counter. Lungs were fixed by inflation with 10% buffered formalin at 20 mm H2O of pressure, paraffin embedded, and stained with H&E stain and PAS. Stained slides were digitally scanned at ×63 magnification using an Aperio CS-O slide scanner (Leica Biosystems, Chicago IL). Representative images were taken from scanned slides using Aperio ImageScope v12.2.2.5015 (Leica Biosystems, Chicago, IL). The histological and cytological scoring were performed in a blinded fashion. Numerical codes were used to identify these slides during the scoring. Once all the data were recorded, the identity was unmasked and final analyses undertaken according to the study group.
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9

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Tumors

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Tumors were harvested at the experimental endpoint and embedded in paraffin. For CD8 and adenovirus detection, sections were stained with anti-CD8 (Thermo Fisher Scientific; RB-9009-PO) and anti-OAd (Santa Cruz Biotechnology; SC-430), followed by a biotinylated anti-rabbit secondary (Vector Labs, BA-1000). For RNA in situ detection, RNAscope (ACD Bio) was used according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Stained slides were digitally scanned at 20× magnification on an Aperio CS-O slide scanner (Leica Biosystems). The proportion of cells staining positive for CD8 was analyzed using the Nuclear Staining Algorithm (Leica Biosystems).
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10

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Murine Tissues

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Tumors and/or normal murine tissues were collected from euthanized animals, fixed with 10% formalin for a minimum of 24 hours and embedded in paraffin. Five-micrometre slides were stained on a Bond Max automated staining system using the Bond Refine polymer staining kit (Leica Biosystems) according to the standard protocol. Rabbit primary antibodies reacting against human and mouse histone H3 (phospho S10, ab5176, 1:500), Cleaved PARP1 (ab32064, 1:100) and HMGB1 (ab18256, 1:1000) were obtained from Abcam. Stained slides were then digitally scanned at ×20 magnification on an Aperio CS-O slide scanner (Leica Biosystems) and representative pictures were taken with the Aperio ImageScope program V.12.2.2.5015.
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