Miconazole

Media components were obtained from Becton-Dickinson (USA) or BioLife (Italy). Miconazole was from MP Biomedicals (USA), terbinafine and amorolfine were from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). [1-¹⁴C] acetic acid was purchased from American Radiolabeled Chemicals (UK). Fine chemicals were mostly from Sigma-Aldrich (USA) or MP Biomedicals (USA).

Miconazole was purchased from MP Biomedicals (Solon, OH, USA). Actavis (Miconazole 2%) was purchased from a local pharmacy store in El Paso, TX, USA. Cholesterol was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA). Cadaver skin for permeation and skin diffusion studies was obtained from Zen-Bio Inc. (Research Triangle Park, NC, USA). Deionized water (resistivity of 18.2 MΩ) used for all experiments was obtained from an in-house Milli-Q^® IQ 7000 Ultrapure Water System (EMD Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Sodium oleate was purchased from TCI America (Portland, OR, USA). Methanol (ACS grade), phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4), and chloroform were procured from Fisher Chemicals (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA).