All chemicals and solvents were of the highest purity commercially available. Standard bile acids (sodium salts), including glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), glycocholic acid (GCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA) and cholic acid (CA), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Three different oxgall powder samples were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Product code B3883), Oxoid (Product code LP005, Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK) and BD Difco (Product code 212820, Sparks, MD, USA). Acetonitrile and methanol (HPLC grade) were supplied by Tedia (Fairfield, OH, USA). The derivatization reagents p-bromophenacylbromide and N, N-diisopropylethylamine, and the ion-pairing reagent tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
Tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate is a chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent. It functions as a phase-transfer catalyst, facilitating the transfer of ionic species between immiscible liquid phases.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Acetic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Glycocholic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glycodeoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Deoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glycochenodeoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chenodeoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Taurocholic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Taurochenodeoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cholic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Taurodeoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N diisopropylethylamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methanol and acetonitrile, by Tedia (1 mentions)
P bromophenacyl bromide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ryanodine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Myxothiazol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Diphenyleneiodonium, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Apocynin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cytochalasin b cytb, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Mitosox red, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
11 protocols using tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate
1
Standardized Bile Acid Analysis
2
Antioxidant Compound Characterization Protocol
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Methanol, water, and acetonitrile (HPLC grade), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 2,4,6-tris (2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), gallic, α-resorcylic, gentisic, p-hydroybenzoic, 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic, m-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, salicylic, syringic acid, homovanillic, p-coumaric acid, m-coumaric, o-coumaric, ferulic, sinapic, caffeic, and chlorogenic acid, tyrosol, glucoarabin (9-methyl-sulfinyl-nonyl-glucosinolate; GS9), glucocamelinin (10-methyl-sulfinyl-decyl-glucosinolate; GS10) and homoglucocamelinin (11-methyl-sulfinyl-undecyl-glucosinolate; GS11) potassium salt, and tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate (TBAHS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other chemicals were of analytical grade.
3
Analyzing RNA Decay Products by HPLC
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Decay products were detected by analyzing the products of RNA decay reactions that contained 2 µM enzyme and 10 µM native or unmodified tRNAiMet in 100 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris⋅Cl pH 7.5, 0.5 mM TCEP, and 5 mM ATP·MgCl2 after incubation at 30 °C for 1 h. Reactions were stopped by addition of proteinase K to a final concentration of 0.5 mg/mL and incubation at 37 °C for 30 min to degrade proteins in the reaction. Samples were mixed with an equal volume of 2× HPLC running buffer A (50 mM potassium phosphate pH 7.0 and 10 mM tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulfate [Sigma-Aldrich]). Products were then separated by ion-pair reverse-phase HPLC (Nova-Pak C18, 60 Å, 4 mm, 3.9 × 150-mm column) by running in buffer A at a flow rate of 1 mL/min at 40 °C and eluted with 100% buffer B (buffer A containing 50% [vol/vol] acetonitrile) from 5 min to 30 min (12 (link)). UV absorbance at 260 nm was monitored to detect nucleotides or RNA products.
4
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism Assay
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3) was from Calbiochem (San Diego, CA, USA). AA, dithiothreitol (DTT), tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate (TBA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), cytochalasin B (cyt B), choline chloride, 4-hydroxymercuribenzoic acid (pCMB), sulfinpyrazone (S-pyr), rotenone, myxothiazol, caffeine (Cf), A23187, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), apocynin, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), DL-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO), ryanodine (Ry), and the remaining chemicals were from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). [3H] Arachidonic acid was from Amersham Pharmacia Biotech (Buckinghamshire, England). MitoSOX red and Rhod 2-acetoxymethyl (AM) were purchased from Molecular Probes (Leiden, The Netherlands). Perkin-Elmer Life and Analytical Sciences (Boston, MA) supplied L-[1-14C]AA (specific activity 5.35 mCi/mmol), which was dissolved in deionized water containing 0.1 mM acetic acid and stored in multiple aliquots at −20°C until use [20 (link)].
5
Dihydralazine and Hydrochlorothiazide Analysis
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Pharmaceutical grade (Eur. Ph.) dihydralazine sulfate and hydrochlorothiazide, and tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate for analysis from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), ammonium formate, formic acid, acetonitrile and methanol for LC from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), acetic acid (CH3COOH), sodium acetate (CH3COONa), hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium tetraborate (Na2B4O7), sulphuric acid, sodium hydrogen phosphate (NaHPO4), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), kalium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) and kalium hydroxide for analysis from POCh (Gliwice, Poland), acetonitrile and water for LC–MS from J.T. Baker (Center Valley, PA, USA), Dihydralazinum® tablets 25 mg from Pabianickie Zakłady Farmaceutyczne (Pabianice, Poland) and Hydrochlorothiazidum® tablets 25 mg from Polpharma (Starogard Gdanski, Poland) were used. Acetate buffer was prepared with 0.2 M CH3COOH and 0.2 M CH3COONa. Phosphate buffer was prepared with 0.067 M KH2PO4 and 0.067 M Na2HPO4. Borate buffer was prepared with 0.05 M Na2B4O7 and 0.1 M NaOH. Buffers were prepared as described in Eur. Ph [2 ]. Buffers for kinetic studies have the same ionic strength of 1 M which was attained with 4 M NaCl. The pH measurements were done with a pH-meter HI9024C from Hanna Instruments (Padova, Italy).
6
Synthesis of Novel Functionalized Compounds
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Acetic acid, β-alanine, 1-aminopropan-2-ol, 3-azidopropanol, 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile), 6-(Boc-amino)hexanoic acid, chloromethyl chlorosulfate, chloromethyl pivalate, dibenzocyclooctyne-amine, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine, ethyl chloroformate, ethyldiisopropylamine, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride, methacryloyl chloride, mebendazole, 4-nitrobenzyl chloroformate, phosgene solution, silica gel, sodium hydride, tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate, tetramethylurea, thiazolidine-2-thione, and trifluoroAcetic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Prague, Czech Republic). Acetonitrile, methanol and other common solvents and chemicals were purchased from Merck (Prague, Czech Republic). All chemicals and solvents were of analytical grade.
7
Analytical Characterization of diPAP Compounds
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Both applied diPAP substances (6:2 diPAP
and 8:2 diPAP) were custom-synthetized at the University of Giessen,
Germany. A purity of >98% each was determined using phosphor and
hydrogen
NMR as well as mass spectrometry. Analytical PFAS standards and isotope
labeled internal standards (purity >99% each) were obtained from
Wellington
Laboratories (Guelph, Canada; complete list of standards can be found
inTable S1 in the Supporting Information,
SI). Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3 ≥ 99.5%),
sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 ≥ 99.0%), and concentrated
ammonia solution (25%) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
Tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulfate (TBA ≥99%) and ammonium
acetate for liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS)
were from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE ≥99.7%) was from Honeywell (Charlotte,
NC, USA). Potassium persulfate (≥99%) and LC–MS grade
methanol (MeOH) were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA,
USA). Nitrogen gas (grade 5.0) was from Messer (Bad Soden am Taunus,
Germany). Concentrated hydrochloric acid (37%), water (LC–MS
grade), and sodium hydroxide micro-granules (NaOH ≥99.5%) were
from Th. Geyer (Renningen, Germany).
and 8:2 diPAP) were custom-synthetized at the University of Giessen,
Germany. A purity of >98% each was determined using phosphor and
hydrogen
NMR as well as mass spectrometry. Analytical PFAS standards and isotope
labeled internal standards (purity >99% each) were obtained from
Wellington
Laboratories (Guelph, Canada; complete list of standards can be found
in
SI). Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3 ≥ 99.5%),
sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 ≥ 99.0%), and concentrated
ammonia solution (25%) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
Tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulfate (TBA ≥99%) and ammonium
acetate for liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS)
were from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE ≥99.7%) was from Honeywell (Charlotte,
NC, USA). Potassium persulfate (≥99%) and LC–MS grade
methanol (MeOH) were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA,
USA). Nitrogen gas (grade 5.0) was from Messer (Bad Soden am Taunus,
Germany). Concentrated hydrochloric acid (37%), water (LC–MS
grade), and sodium hydroxide micro-granules (NaOH ≥99.5%) were
from Th. Geyer (Renningen, Germany).
8
Liposomal Formulation Development and Characterization
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Cholesterol (Chol), soybean phosphatidylcholine (PC), 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammoniopropane (DOTAP) and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho- (1′-rac-glycerol) (DSPG) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, USA). AA (>99%), sucrose, sodium succinate buffer, sodium thiosulfate and tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Phosphoric acid (85%, v/v) and methanol were purchased from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, USA). Vivaspin ultrafiltration systems (Mw cutoff 100 kDa) were acquired from Sartorius Ltd. (Stonehouse, UK). All other reagents used were of analytical grade.
9
Quantification of Thiamine Phosphate Species by HPLC
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Samples were analyzed by using a reverse-phased HPLC column (ISAspher 100-5 C18 BDS 250 × 4.0 mm column) on an HPLC instrument (Infinity, Agilent) with a detection wavelength The product glycerolaldehyde-3-phosphate is subsequently isomerized in (3) via TPI to dihydroxy-acetone-phosphate serving as a substrate for G3P-DH (4). The oxidation of NADH to NAD in ( 4) is monitored at 340 nm using a photo spectrometer (CARY 100 Bio UV-Visible Spectrometer) in 1 mL quartz cuvettes. 10 DOI: 10.1159/000526662 of 254 nm. The mobile phase consisted of with 0.1 M potassium phosphate and 4 mM tetra-butyl-ammonium hydrogen sulfate (Sigma-Aldrich) (pH 6.0) with 40 vol% methanol (buffer B) or without methanol (buffer A) (pH 7.2). Flow rate and column temperature were set to 0.85 mL min -1 and 24°C, respectively. The sample injection volume was 3 µL. Starting with 70% buffer A and 30% buffer B, gradient elution was carried out by applying 30-100% B for 10 min, followed by 100-30% B for 7 min. Using these conditions, the various ThP0-phosphate species eluted at times as summarized in Table 4. HPLC chromatograms of available standard compounds (ThP0, ThP1, and ThP2) are shown in online supplementary Fig s5.
10
Quantification of Potassium Guaiacol Sulfonate and Sodium Benzoate
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Pharmaceutical grade samples of potassium guaiacolsulfonate (purity 99.8%) and sodium benzoate (purity 98.6%) were kindly provided as a gift by Vietnam Pharmacochemistry Company (Hanoi, Vietnam). Mucibaby pediatric oral powder (containing 58.72 mg of potassium guaiacolsulfonate and 113.40 mg of sodium benzoate per sachet) was purchased from market. Methanol of HPLC grade, tetrabutylammonium sulfate of PA grade, and tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate of PA grade were purchased form Merck Vietnam (Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam).
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!