Vivid e95 ultrasound system

Manufactured by GE Healthcare

Sourced in United States, Norway

The Vivid E95 is an ultrasound system designed for diagnostic imaging. It uses high-frequency sound waves to create real-time images of internal body structures. The system is capable of producing high-quality, detailed images that can be used to assess a wide range of medical conditions.

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Lab products found in correlation

M5s transducer, by GE Healthcare (2 mentions) Cardiohealth station, by Panasonic (1 mentions) Epiq 7 ultrasound system, by Philips (1 mentions) Echopac workstation, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)

12 protocols using vivid e95 ultrasound system

Comprehensive Echocardiography and Biomarker Analysis

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The echocardiography data were recorded on a General Electric Healthcare Vivid E95 ultrasound system (Chicago, IL, USA) and analysed by the independent echocardiographer at the end of the study. Left ventricular end‐diastolic dimension (LVEDD) and end‐systolic dimension (LVESD) were measured in the parasternal long‐axis view. Left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end‐systolic volume (LVESV), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were estimated using the Simpson biplane method. Two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography was performed measuring global longitudinal strain (GLS) and reported using the 17‐segment model. All echocardiographic measurements were averaged over 5 cycles.
All NT‐proBNP assays were performed at a central independent laboratory using a commercially available kit (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany).

Cerar A., Jaklic M., Frljak S., Poglajen G., Zemljic G., Guzic Salobir B., Dolenc Novak M., Stalc M., Zbacnik R, & Kozelj M. (2020). Impairment of myocardial perfusion correlates with heart failure severity in patients with non‐compaction cardiomyopathy. ESC Heart Failure, 7(3), 1161-1167.

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Transesophageal Echocardiography Evaluation of Left Atrial Appendage

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TEE was performed using the GE Vivid E95 ultrasound system with a 6VT-D esophageal probe. All patients fasted for a minimum of 6 h before the examination. After local pharyngeal anesthesia with lidocaine mucilage, a transesophageal probe was placed in the middle of the esophagus to record dynamic two-dimensional grayscale images of the LAA at the 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135° planes. PDL was assessed as blood flow communication between the LA and LAA. The LAA was scanned from 0° to 135° to observe the presence or absence of PDL. DRT was defined as a well-circumscribed echo-reflective mass with independent mobility across multiple imaging planes [19 (link)]. At least three cardiac cycles’ worth of data was captured, post-processed, and analyzed online. All examinations were performed by an experienced sonographer blinded to clinical data.

Li S., Dong J., Luo J., Wang G., Xie D, & Zhou L. (2022). Comparison of different quantitative evaluation protocols for peri-device leak detection using cardiac computed tomography angiography after left atrial appendage closure. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging, 39(3), 659-666.

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Comprehensive Echocardiographic Assessment Protocol

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Transthoracic echocardiography is performed in sinus rhythm with a study-specific protocol in line with current recommendations.28 29 (link) For assessment of cardiac structure and function, we perform resting two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) transthoracic echocardiography using the Vivid E95 ultrasound system (GE Healthcare, Horten, Norway). Images are obtained using a 1.5-4MHz matrix-array transducer (GE 4Vc-D Matrix 4D cardiac probe, GE healthcare, Horten, Norway). 2D-greyscale, colour Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging data will be obtained, in addition to 3D of the left atrium. A physician blinded to the participant’s clinical and study information will analyse the acquired images offline (Echo Pac, V.204, GE Vingmed Ultrasound, Horten, Norway). We assess systolic and diastolic volumes of both atria and the left ventricle, and right ventricular size. Comprehensive two-dimensional speckle tracking analyses will be performed of all four chambers, combined with established Doppler parameters to obtain information about systolic and diastolic function.

Apelland T., Janssens K., Loennechen J.P., Claessen G., Sørensen E., Mitchell A., Sellevold A.B., Enger S., Onarheim S., Letnes J.M., Miljoen H., Tveit A., La Gerche A, & Myrstad M. (2023). Effects of training adaption in endurance athletes with atrial fibrillation: protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open Sport — Exercise Medicine, 9(2), e001541.

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Ultrasound Assessment of Vastus Lateralis

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Skeletal muscle ultrasound assessment of the vastus lateralis was performed using a Vivid E95 ultrasound system (GE Healthcare) and a 15 MHz linear probe by acquisition at the lower third of the femur for exploration as described by Aubertin-Leheudre et al [22 (link)]. In this procedure, patients sit with hip and knee angled at 90° and with limb muscles relaxed. The probe is positioned perpendicular to the dermal surface of the vastus lateralis muscle and oriented along the median longitudinal plane of the muscle. For this study, 3 sagittal ultrasounds of the vastus lateralis were then digitized and images analyzed offline using EchoPAC V202 software (GE Medical Systems) to determine muscle thickness (distance from the superior and deepest aponeurosis at the greatest distance), penetration angle (angle of insertion of the bundle of muscle fibers into the deep aponeurosis), and muscle fiber length (length of the fascicle between the superior and deep aponeurosis).

Lairez O., Blanchard V., Balardy L., Vardon-Bounes F., Cazalbou S., Ruiz S., Collot S., Houard V., Rolland Y., Conil J.M, & Minville V. (2022). COCARDE Study–Cardiac Imaging Phenotype in Patients With COVID-19: Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study. JMIR Research Protocols, 11(1), e24931.

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Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Function

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In this study, patients who had and had not undergone echocardiography (echo and non-echo groups, respectively) were compared. The echo group included patients who had undergone echocardiography within 3 months of surgery using a suitable instrument for TTE (Vivid E95 ultrasound system; GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI). The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), valvular heart disease, presence of relaxation abnormality, and presence of regional wall motion abnormality were investigated as echocardiographic parameters. Valvular heart disease was defined as mild or more valvular dysfunction as a result of echocardiography.

Park J.H., Park Y.H., Lee B., Shin S.H., Oh D., Moon S.H, & Ko M.J. (2022). Effect of performing preoperative echocardiography in patients with cardiovascular risk on intraoperative anesthetic management and postoperative outcomes: A retrospective study. Medicine, 101(34), e30160.

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Carotid Artery Imaging and Analysis

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Carotid artery imaging was performed using a GE Vivid-E95 Ultrasound system (GE Healthcare, USA) equipped with a 11l linear transducer. Carotid IMT and carotid artery distensibility were assessed (see Figure 2). The acquisition was performed on left CCA. A 2D cine-loop of the common carotid artery including proximal bulb was recorded. An M-mode 1 cm proximal to the bulb was generated. This was assessed by the same skilled ultrasonographer (19 (link)). Offline analysis was performed using automated analysis software (Carotid Analyzer, Medical Imaging Applications LLC, USA). Carotid diameter was measured at peak systole (maximum diameter) and at end-diastole (at peak R wave on ECG). Arterial borders were decided by lumen-wall interface. Zooming and increasing sweep speed were used to improve measuring accuracy. Three measurements were recorded and averaged.

Rasouli R., Baranger J., Slorach C., Hui W., Venet M., Nguyen M.B., Henry M., Gopaul J., Nathan P.C., Mertens L, & Villemain O. (2023). Local arterial stiffness measured by ultrafast ultrasound imaging in childhood cancer survivors treated with anthracyclines. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 10, 1150214.

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Pediatric Echocardiography and CIMT Measurement

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Before echocardiography, weight (in kg) and length (in cm) were measured to the nearest decimal. Complete pediatric transthoracic echocardiograms were obtained in accordance with the prevailing medical professional protocols laid down by the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Society of Cardiology [21] (link). This protocol contains M-mode, 2D, tissue Doppler imaging and continuous-and pulse-wave Doppler echocardiography using subxiphoid, parasternal long and short axis, apical four chamber views and speckle tracking of the cardiac chambers. We used the Vivid E95 Ultrasound System (GE Healthcare, Australia). Three heart-cycle image loops were recorded. All examinations were performed by one pediatric cardiologist (AvD) blinded to group allocation. After the echocardiogram we assessed carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) using the Panasonic CardioHealth Station (Panasonic Healthcare Co., Ltd.). This is an ultrasonography device that allows automated measurement of the CIMT and was only available in one of the study centers. The child was in recumbent position and both right and left CIMT were assessed. Echocardiographic images were analyzed offline by the same pediatric cardiologist that performed the echocardiography's using commercial analysis software (EchoPAC, GE Vingmed).

den Harink T., Blom N.A., Gemke R.J.B.J., Groen H., Hoek A., Mol B.W.J., Painter R.C., Kuipers I.M., Roseboom T.J, & van Deutekom A.W. (2022). Preconception lifestyle intervention in women with obesity and echocardiographic indices of cardiovascular health in their children. International journal of obesity (2005), 46(7).

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Echocardiographic Evaluation of Cardiac Function

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All conventional two‐dimensional and doppler echocardiographic measurements were performed following the guidelines outlined of the American Society of Echocardiography.
¹⁴ (link),
¹⁵ (link) During the TTE examination, continuous electrocardiograph (ECG) monitoring was conducted for all participants. TTE was performed within 12 h before CAG using a Vivid E95 ultrasound system (GE Healthcare) equipped with an M5S transducer (3.5 MHz). Stroke volume (SV) and LVEF (%) were calculated using the modified bi‐plane Simpson method. peak E/A ratio and peak E/e ratio of the mitral valve (MV) were obtained by spectral Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging.

Li M., Wang Y., Li L., Wu W., Qian R, & Zhang P. (2023). Global myocardial work in coronary artery disease patients without regional wall motion abnormality: Correlation with Gensini‐score. Clinical Cardiology, 47(2), e24193.

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Echocardiographic Assessment of Tricuspid Regurgitation

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Transthoracic echocardiography was performed using a Vivid E95 ultrasound system (GE Healthcare, Horten, Norway) equipped with an M5S transducer.
Color Doppler imaging was used to assess severity of the TR, and the transvalvular gradient was measured using continuous‐wave Doppler. Quantification of TR severity was done in accordance with guidelines using the proximal isovelocity surface area method and estimation of TR jet area/RA area [9 (link)].
The echocardiographic data were blinded to invasive measurements and clinical status and examined by a single investigator. Data were analyzed offline using dedicated software (EchoPAC version 213, GE Healthcare, Horten, Norway).

Frederiksen C.A., Waziri F., Ringgaard S., Mellemkjær S., Clemmensen T.S., Hjortdal V.E., Nielsen S.L, & Poulsen S.H. (2021). Reverse remodeling of tricuspid valve morphology and function in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients following pulmonary thromboendarterectomy: a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and invasive hemodynamic study. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 21, 450.

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Comprehensive Cardiac Assessment Protocol

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Patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography using Vivid E95 ultrasound system (General Electric). Left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) volumes were measured in two-dimensional apical views according to the biplane Simpson rule. Left ventricular function was assessed using LV ejection fraction (LVEF, biplane Simpson method) and global longitudinal strain (GLS). Mitral inflow velocity pattern, peak velocities of E and A waves and E wave deceleration time were recorded as recommended [17 (link)]. Mitral lateral E’ velocities were measured by tissue Doppler imaging. Systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (calculated from tricuspid regurgitation flow) and pulmonary acceleration time (PAcT) was acquired using Doppler method. Right ventricular (RV) size was assessed by RV basal and mid dimensions and diastolic surface and RV function by Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE), S’ wave velocity (Doppler tissue imaging), RV ejection delays (RVEDs) and tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV) as previously published[18 (link)].

Ribeiro Baptista B., d’Humières T., Schlemmer F., Bendib I., Justeau G., Al-Assaad L., Hachem M., Codiat R., Bardel B., Abou Chakra L., Belmondo T., Audureau E., Hue S., Mekontso-Dessap A., Derumeaux G, & Boyer L. (2022). Identification of factors impairing exercise capacity after severe COVID-19 pulmonary infection: a 3-month follow-up of prospective COVulnerability cohort. Respiratory Research, 23, 68.

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