The precision cutter was Isomet 1000 (Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL, USA) with a low concentration diamond saw (15LC, Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL, USA). The mounting resin was self-cure orthodontic resin (Techno Sin Resin, ProTechno, Vilamalla, Spain). The cylinder was polyvinyl chloride (PVC). We used 38% SDF liquid (Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care, West Palm Beach, FL, USA), which was the optimal concentration based on the systematic review (Gao et al., 2016 ). To standardize the thickness of restorations, we used a polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) mold. In the composite restorations, we used 37% phosphoric acid etching gel 37% (Scotchbond Universal Etchant, 3 M, Maplewood, MN, USA) and adhesive (Scotchbond University Adhesive ESPE, 3 M, Maplewood, MN, USA). Light-curing was done with Bluephase N MC, which is a mains-operated LED polymerization light with a light intensity of 800 MW/cm2. The resin composite restoration we used was shade A2 Clearfil Majesty (Kuraray, NY, USA), and the self-cured GIC restorative material we used was shade A2 Ketac Fil Plus Aplicap (3 M, Maplewood, MN, USA). Color measurements were performed using LabScan XE spectrophotometer, 0°/45° optical geometry (HunterLab, Reston, VA, USA). Data were analyzed using R (R Core Team. R, 2020 ).
Universal etchant
Manufactured by 3M
Sourced in United States, Germany
Universal Etchant is a liquid chemical solution used in laboratory settings for etching various materials. It is designed to be a versatile etchant that can be used on a range of substrates. The core function of Universal Etchant is to selectively remove material from the surface of a sample, allowing for surface modification and preparation for further analysis or processing.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
2 protocols using universal etchant
1
Standardized Dental Restoration Evaluation
2
Adhesive Bonding Protocols for Endocrowns
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The samples were divided into two groups based on the bonding protocol (total-etch and self-etch). For the total-etch protocol, 35% phosphoric acid (Universal Etchant; 3 M, ESPE, Germany) was applied for 15 s and then rinsed for 20 s. The etched tooth surfaces were gently air dried to avoid over-dried dentin. The prepared teeth were coated to the bonding surface using a Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (3 M, ESPE, Germany) with the help of a micro brush. The adhesive was allowed to dwell for 20 s. It was thinned, and the solvents were evaporated for 5 s with a steady stream of air and then light-cured for 20 s. For the self-etch protocol, the same adhesive was applied directly without the etchant. The adhesive was allowed to dwell for 20 s. It was thinned, and the solvents were evaporated for 5 s with a steady stream of air and then light-cured for 20 s.
The endocrowns were cemented using Rely X Ultimate (3 M Rely X Ultimate; Self-adhesive Cement), as listed inTable 1 .
The endocrowns were cemented using Rely X Ultimate (3 M Rely X Ultimate; Self-adhesive Cement), as listed in
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